Figure 6.

RR protected neurons from nitrative or inflammatory cytotoxicity in vitro. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-treated with RR extract (50 ug/mL) or sham for 1 h, followed by 500 μM ONOO⁻ donor SIN-1 for 1 h. The expressions of 3-NT and Bax were analyzed by western blot analysis (A). ONOO⁻ levels in SIN-1 stimulated SH-SY5Y cells were detected using HKYellow-AM probe by immunofluorescent assay (scale bar, 20 μm) (B). (C) The flow chart of SH-SY5Y cells under the challenge of conditioned medium (CM), mimicking inflammatory environments. Using MTT method, the viabilities of SH-SY5Y cell treated with different concentrations of RR were measured in CM or normal medium as control (D). ***P < 0.001.