Fig. 9.

Effects of the combination of gefitinib with phenformin on AMPK signaling pathways. Western blot analysis was used to examine total (t) and phosphorylated (p) forms of various signaling proteins in MB49, T24, and UMUC3 cells treated with phenformin, gefitinib or their combination. Control cells received no drugs. a–c Western blots of p-AMPK, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-4EBP1, t-AMPK, t-mTOR, t-p70S6K and t-4EBP1. β-actin was included as a loading control. d–f Relative levels of various proteins. Results are mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ^#P < 0.01 vs. control