Table 2.
Outcome measures assessing self-reported pain and function
| Outcome Measure | Number of Times used in Clinical Trials | Follow up Times (weeks) | Validity | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Analogue Scale of Pain at Rest | 618,24,31,45,50,55 | 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 26 | Assessed against the Numerical Rating Scale in Rheumatoid Disease: r = 0.62-0.9156 Assessed against a Simple Descriptive Scale in Rheumatic Disease: r = 0.73-0.7856 | Test Retest Reliability in Mid-portion Achilles Tendinopathy: r = 0.4545 |
| Visual Analogue Scale of Pain with various functional tasks | 115, 14, 15, 18, 24, 32, 34, 40, 45, 46, 49, | 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 26, 52 | Not Reported | Test Retest Reliability in Mid-portion Achilles Tendinopathy with Jumping: r = 0.6945 Test Retest Reliability in Mid-portion Achilles Tendinopathy with Heel Raise: r = 0.6145 |
| 100mm VAS of Pain with 1kg Squeeze of the Achilles Tendon | 317,29,45 | 2, 6, 12, 26 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| 4 Point Scale of Pain with 1kg Squeeze of the Achilles Tendon | 136 | 1, 3, 6, 12, 39 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| Numerical Rating Scale of Pain at Rest | 252, 53, | 4, 12, 52 | Assessed against the Visual Analogue Scale in Rheumatoid Disease: r = 0.61-0.9156 Assessed against a Simple Descriptive Scale in Rheumatic Disease: r = 0.68-0.8856 | Test Retest Reliability in Rheumatoid Arthritis: r = 0.95-0.9657 |
| Numerical Rating Scale of Pain over time | 541,42,52-54 | 4, 12, 16, 26, 52 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| 5 Point Likert Scale of Difficulty in Sport | 143 | 6, 12, 26, 52 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment - Achilles | 285,6,16,17,20-28,30,33,35,39,41,42,44,46-48,50-54 | 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 26, 36, 52, 2.2 years | Assessed against the Percy and Conochie's grade of severity in Achilles Tendinopathy: p<0.0158 Assessed against the Curwin and Stanish grade of severity in Achilles Tendinopathy: p<0.00144 Assessment of severity in pre-surgical Achilles Tendinopathy, non-surgical Achilles Tendinopathy and two control groups: p<0.00158 | Test Retest Reliability in Achilles Tendinopathy: r = 0.93-0.9858 Intra-rater Reliability in Achilles Tendinopathy: r = 0.9058 Inter-rater Reliability in Achilles Tendinopathy: r = 0.90-0.9758 |
| Modified Curwin and Stanish Six Level Pain Scale | 28,9 | 12, 60, 220 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| Functional Index of the Leg and Lower Limb (FILLA) | 118 | 2, 4, 6, 12 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) Hindfoot Scale | 140 | 6, 12 | Assessed against the Foot Function Index in Rheumatoid Arthritis Hallux Pain: p<0.0559 | Test Retest Reliability in Rheumatoid Arthritis Hallux Pain: ICC = 0.9559 Intra-Rater Reliability in Rheumatoid Arthritis: ICC = 0.9560 Inter-Rater Reliability in Rheumatoid Arthritis: ICC = 0.9160 |
| Short Form-36 (SF-36) | 235,40 | 4, 6, 12, 26, 52 | Assessed against the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis: r = -0.4861 | Test Retest Reliability in General Practice: α = 0.7862 |
| EuroQoL | 218,30 | 2, 4, 6, 12, 26 | Assessed against the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in Knee Osteoarthritis: Spearman's rho = 0.20-0.6063 Assessed against the SF-36 in Knee Osteoarthritis: Spearman's rho = 0.20-0.6063 | Test Retest Reliability in Knee Osteoarthritis: 0.70-0.7363 |
| Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) | 331,36,43 | 3, 6, 12, 39 | Assessed against the Karlsson Score in Foot and Ankle Osteoarthritis: r = 0.58-0.6764 | Test Retest Reliability in Foot and Ankle Osteoarthritis: ICC = 0.70-0.9264 |
| Numerical Scale of Physical Activity | 143 | 6, 12, 26, 52 | Not Reported | Test Retest Reliability: “satisfactory”65 |
| Numerical Scales of Improvement | 89,16,29,36,41,42,47,54 | 4, 12, 16, 26, 52 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| Treatment Satisfaction | 720,23,24,34,37,38,50 | 3, 6, 12, 52, 112, 200 | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) | 154 | 12, 26, 52 | Assessed against the Self-Assessment of Treatment Scale in Postherpic neuralgia: r = 0.68-0.9066 | Not Reported |