TABLE 1.
Protein | Fat | Carbohydrates | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref | Year | Subjects | Location | Lactation stage, d | Subject number | Sample collection | Storage | Total protein | Amino acids | Total fat | Fatty acids | Others | Lactose | HMO | Others | Vitamin | Mineral | Energy |
Gross et al. (92) | 1980 | NA | USA | 21–28 | 18 | Morning | Lyophilized and stored –20°C | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Clark et al. (88) | 1982 | NA | CT, MA | 42–112 | 10 | Morning and afternoon | Transport on dry ice, stored –70°C | X | X | X | ||||||||
Garza et al. (125) | 1983 | NA | USA | 180 | 6 | Between 0800 and 1200 | Transport at 4°C, stored –20°C | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Clark et al. (126) | 1983 | NA | USA | 42–112 | 10 | Morning and afternoon | Transport on dry ice, stored –70°C | X | X | |||||||||
Feeley et al. (94) | 1983 | Caucasian, black, oriental | Athens, GA | 30–45 | 105 | Morning and afternoon | Stored –20°C | X | ||||||||||
Feeley et al. (127) | 1983 | Caucasian, black, oriental | Athens, GA | 30–45 | 105 | Morning and afternoon | Stored –20°C | X | ||||||||||
Dewey et al. (36) | 1984 | NA | Davis, CA and northern CA | 120–330 | 12 | 2nd feeding, morning | Stored –20°C | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Butte et al. (90) | 1984 | NA | Houston, TX | 28–84 | 13 | Between 0800 and 1200 | Transport at 4°C, stored –20°C | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Butte et al. (128) | 1984 | NA | Houston, TX | 30–120 | 41 | 24 h | Transport on ice, stored temp NA | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Casey et al. (93) | 1985 | White | USA | 28 | 9 | Midfeed, midmorning | Stored –70°C | X | ||||||||||
Janas and Picciano (129) | 1986 | NA | IL, USA | 28–56 | 10 | Foremilk and hind milk, morning | Stored –20°C | X | ||||||||||
Garza et al. (64) | 1986 | NA | USA | 30–120 | 20 | 24 h | Transport on ice, stored temp NA | X | ||||||||||
Janas et al. (89) | 1987 | NA | Urbana-Champaign, IL | 28–56 | 40 | Foremilk and hind milk, time NA | Freezing, temp NA | X | ||||||||||
Ferris et al. (130) | 1988 | NA | USA | 42–112 | 12 | Morning and afternoon | Transport on dry ice, stored –70°C | X | X | X | ||||||||
Dewey and Lonnerdal (91) | 1983 | NA | Davis, CA | 30–180 | 20 | 2nd feeding, morning | Freezing, temp NA | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Casey et al. (87) | 1989 | Caucasian, 1 Native American, 1 Hispanic | Denver, CO | 4–360 | 22 | Midfeed, midmorning | Stored –70°C | X | ||||||||||
Stuff and Nichols (131) | 1989 | NA | Houston, TX | 112–252 | 58 | 24 h | NA | X | X | |||||||||
Butte et al. (111) | 1990 | NA | TX, USA | 30–120 | 20 | 24 h | Freezing, temp NA | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Allen et al. (79) | 1991 | Caucasian | Denver, CO | 21–180 | 13 | Midmorning | Transport on ice, stored –70°C | X | X | |||||||||
Nommsen et al. (35) | 1991 | NA | CA, USA | 90–360 | 21–58 | 24 h | Freezing, temp NA | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Wack et al. (132) | 1997 | NA | USA | 0–360 | 30 | Between 1000 and 1400 | Stored –35°C | X | X | |||||||||
Friel et al. (95) | 1999 | NA | Newfoundland, Canada | 7–84 | 17 | Between 1000 and 1400 | Transport in cooler, stored –20°C | X | ||||||||||
Glew et al. (96) | 2008 | NA | NM, USA | 30–180 | 29 | Between 0700 and 1000 | Stored –70°C | X | X | |||||||||
Hannan et al. (97) | 2009 | Mexican-American | Rio Grande Valley, south TX | 30–90 | 17 | NA | Stored –20°C | X | ||||||||||
Tijerina-Saenz et al. (123) | 2009 | Caucasian | Vancouver, Canada | 30 | 60 | Hindmilk | Transport frozen, stored –80°C | X | X | |||||||||
Glew et al. (122) | 2011 | Hispanic and non-Hispanic white | NMn, USA | 30–180 | 19 | Between 0830 and 1030 | Stored –70°C | X | X | |||||||||
Alderete et al. (133) | 2015 | NA | OK, USA | 30–180 | 25 | Morning, 0800–1000 | Stored –80°C | X | ||||||||||
Perrin et al. (98) | 2016 | NA | Raleigh, NC | 330–360 | 19 | 1st or 2nd feeding, morning | In subject's freezer until study completed, then –80°C | X | X | X | X | X |
1NA, not available; Ref, reference.