TABLE 10.
Other nutrients in human milk for populations in the United States and Canada (1980–2017)1
| Cholesterol | Glucose | HMO | Vitamin E | Retinol | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–6 mo | 1–6 mo | 7–12 mo | 1–6 mo | 7–12 mo | 1–6 mo | 1–6 mo | |||||||||
| Ref | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Method |
| Clark et al. (88) | 9.83 | 0.37 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | GC-MS |
| Allen et al. (79) | — | — | 27.70 | 2.55 | 24.33 | 5.50 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Analyzer |
| Perrin et al. (98) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.70 | 0.19 | — | — | — | — | HPLC |
| Alderete et al. (133) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.05 | 0.21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | HPLC |
| Tijerina-Saenz et al. (123) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 280.31 | — | 7.76 | 7.51 | HPLC |
1HMO, human milk oligosaccharide; Ref, reference.