TABLE 5.
Energy in human milk for populations in the United States and Canada (1980–2017)
| Energy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–6 mo | 7–12 mo | ||||
| Ref1 | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Method |
| Nommsen et al. (35) | 68.09 | 7.81 | 68.62 | 9.09 | Calculated 5.65, 3.95, 9.25 kcal/g |
| Butte et al. (111) | 64.00 | 7.07 | — | — | Bomb calorimeter |
| Gross et al. (92) | 67.07 | 11.74 | — | — | Calculated 4.27, 3.87, 8.87 kcal/g |
| Butte et al. (90) | 65.62 | 9.89 | — | — | Bomb calorimeter |
| Ferris et al. (130) | 75.43 | 10.71 | — | — | Calculated 4.27, 4.27, 8.87 kcal/g |
| Garza and Butte (64)2 | 70.47 | 9.35 | — | — | Bomb calorimeter |
| Dewey and Lonnerdal (91) | 73.59 | 14.04 | — | — | Calculated 4, 4, 9 kcal/g |
| Butte et al. (128) | 64.50 | 8.79 | — | — | Bomb calorimeter |
| Garza et al. (125) | 55.87 | 3.98 | — | — | Bomb calorimeter |
1Ref, reference.
224-h collection.