Table 1.

Control variables for regression models

Childhood Maltreatment indicators (before grade 6, or age 12)

Sexual abuse more than 10 times (0,1)

Slapped more than 10 times (0,1)

Left alone when shouldn’t have more than 10 times (0,1)

Neglected basic needs more than 10 times (0,1)

or

Continuous measure of maltreatment obtained from factor analysis

Note: Data on maltreatment experiences was collected in Wave 3, with reference to experiences that occurred before grade 6 (age 12)

Baseline control variables

Wave 1: Birth weight, sex, family characteristics

Wave 4: Age

Mediation analysis

1. Adolescence personality (average age 15)

Wave 1: Neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness

2. Cognitive ability (average age 15)

Wave 1: Peabody vocabulary test, math grade (self-reported)

3. Physical health problems

Wave 1: General health, Difficulties with hands, Difficulties with feet (average age 15)

Wave 2: Measured obesity (BMI > 30) (average age 16)

Wave 3: Asthma, Epilepsy, Blindness (average age 22)

Wave 4: Diabetes if occurred before age 18

4. Mental health problems

Wave 1: Depression, Learning disability (average age 15)

Wave 3: ADHD (average age 22)

5. Adult socioeconomic status (average age 29)

Wave 4: Years of education, weekly earnings