Table 2. Optimal hyperparameters and classification results for CADx by DCNN with and without transfer learning.

Type	L	E	R	V	F	D	Validation Accuracy (%)	Validation Loss
DCNN with TF
	56	20	0.00002	4	384	0.6	60.7	0.822
	112	20	0.00002	11	384	0.4	64.7	0.783
	224	20	0.00002	11	384	0.4	68.0	0.774
DCNN without TF
	56	30	0.00007	0	384	0.6	60.2	0.843
	112	25	0.0001	0	384	0.4	62.4	0.824
	224	15	0.0001	0	384	0.4	58.9	0.860

validation loss and validation accuracy were calculated 10 times with the same CADx hyperparameters, and their averaged values were shown. Abbreviations: CADx, computer-aided diagnosis; DCNN, deep convolutional neural network; TF, transfer learning.