Table 4. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for risk factors associated with molecular detection of virus in 78 worker nasal wash samples collected from farms, abattoirs, and live animal markets in Sarawak, Malaysia in June and July of 2017.

Viral positivity is defined as a positive rPCRor rRT-PCR result for at least one of the following viruses: adenovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, influenza A-D, porcine circovirus 2, or porcine rotavirus C.

		Viral positivity in worker nasal wash samples		PCV2 in worker nasal wash samples
Risk factors	Total N polled	% Positive	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	% Positive	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)
Contact with pigs (1 meter) in the last 30 days	78	14.1		5.1
Yes	61	14.8	1.30 (0.23, 13.6)	6.6	Ref
No	17	11.8	Ref	0.0	0.00 (0.00, 3.45)
Household member contact with pigs (1 meter) in the last 30 days	77	14.3		5.2
Yes	9	22.2	1.87 (0.16, 12.12)	22.2	9.43 (0.57, 141.34)
No	68	13.2	Ref	2.9	Ref
Type of pigs worked with in the last 30 days (>1 answer possible)	48	14.6		6.3
Breeding	10	40.0	7.56 (0.95, 61.98)	10.0	1.94 (0.03, 40.75)
Farrowing	8	37.5	5.25 (0.57, 41.15)	0.0	0.00 (0.00, 6.61)
Nursery pigs	15	26.7	3.52 (0.49, 27.21)	13.3	4.77 (0.22, 290.18)
Wean-to-Finish	9	44.4	9.33 (1.12, 78.97)	11.1	2.25 (0.03, 47.40)
Finishers	8	37.5	5.25 (0.57, 41.15)	12.5	2.64 (0.04, 56.10)
Slaughter	18	5.6	0.24 (0.00, 2.28)	0	0.00 (0.00, 2.09)
Transport	17	17.6	1.39 (0.18, 9.50)	5.9	0.88 (0.01, 18.12)
Market stall type	30	13.3		3.3
Butchered pork market stall	13	15.4	2.18 (0.10, 139.26)	7.7	----
Live chicken market stall	4	25.0	4.00 (0.04, 339.49)	0
Butchered chicken market stall	13	7.7	Ref	0
Total number of pigs on site (reported by site manager)	48	6.3		6.3
1000+	7	42.9	10.88 (0.86, 153.20)	42.9	----
200–999	10	20.0	3.62 (0.22, 55.31)	0
100–199	31	6.4	Ref	0
Frequency of spotting rodents on farm or abattoir	46	13.0		4.4
Daily	7	28.6	2.40 (0.09, 164.79)	28.6	----
Weekly	7	14.3	Ref	0
Rarely	16	18.8	1.38 (0.09, 84.63)	0
Never	16	0	----	0

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)