Table 2. Means (Standard Deviations) of Covariates and Outcomes by Opioid Misuse, Cannabis, and Drug Use Group.
| No Cannabis, Drug, or Opioid Misuse (n=614) | Cannabis Use Only (n=207) | Drug Use With or Without Cannabis Use (n=335) | Opioid Misuse With or Without Cannabis and Drug Use (n=70) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline pain | 0.13 (0.70)a | 0.13 (0.74) a | 0.09 (0.76) a | 0.32 (0.79) a |
| ADS | 15.71 (7.27) a | 17.07 (7.21) a, b | 17.65 (7.23) b | 19.56 (8.00) b |
| URICA | 10.64 (1.55) a | 10.51 (1.59) a | 10.54 (1.46) a | 10.63 (1.50) a |
| Temptation (AASE) | 3.08 (0.76) a | 3.12 (0.73) a | 3.13 (0.79) a | 3.28 (0.79) a |
| Confidence (AASE) | 2.61 (0.73) a | 2.69 (0.69) a | 2.58 (0.77) a | 2.53 (0.70) a |
| BSI GSI | 59.67 (10.46) a | 60.39 (11.13) a, b | 61.12 (10.69) a, b | 63.79 (11.02) b |
| Cigarettes/day | 7.24 (11.83) a | 9.70 (13.09) a | 8.69 (11.31) a | 10.50 (12.61) a |
| Outcomes | ||||
| PDD | ||||
| Baseline | 74.84 (25.73) a | 77.53 (24.37) a | 73.52 (23.90) a | 71.51 (25.67) a |
| Month 4 | 22.64 (31.46) a | 29.08 (34.90) a | 27.24 (32.53) a | 30.09 (36.26) a |
| Month 16 | 35.11 (38.12) a | 37.29 (38.63) a | 38.67 (40.02) a | 44.75 (40.60) a |
| DDD | ||||
| Baseline | 12.30 (8.04) a | 12.44 (6.22) a | 14.56 (9.40) b | 14.05 (6.28) a |
| Month 4 | 3.83 (4.99) a | 5.16 (5.22) b | 5.34 (6.30) b | 6.71 (8.61) b |
| Month 16 | 4.52 (5.55) a | 5.97 (5.96) b | 6.43 (7.34) b | 6.74 (6.48) b |
| PHDD | ||||
| Baseline | 65.04 (28.97) a | 67.37 (28.86) a | 65.09 (27.86) a | 66.88 (26.30) a |
| Month 4 | 12.20 (24.46) a | 19.13 (30.78) b | 20.12 (29.80) b | 21.43 (32.99) b |
| Month 16 | 25.20 (35.22) a | 30.39 (38.01) a | 33.61 (38.76) b | 38.46 (40.31) b |
| MXD | ||||
| Baseline | 20.29 (13.61) a | 21.53 (10.30) a | 25.84 (16.50) b | 26.38 (12.52) b |
| Month 4 | 5.15 (6.65) a | 7.75 (9.27) b | 7.63 (9.23) b | 9.45 (10.57) b |
| Month 16 | 5.40 (6.69) a | 7.69 (7.83) b | 8.53 (9.61) b | 9.71 (9.53) b |
Note. Same subscripts indicate no significant differences between groups and different subscripts indicate significant differences between groups using Analysis of Variance and Tukey's post-hoc comparisons at p<0.05. ADS=Alcohol Dependence Scale; URICA=University of Rhode Island Change Assessment, AASE=Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale; BSI GSI=Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index; PDD=Percent drinking days; DDD=drinks per drinking day; PHDD=percent heavy drinking days; MXD=maximum drinks on a drinking day.