Table 3. Results from Cox Regression Models with Covariates.
Time-to-first drinking day | Time-to-first heavy drinking day | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | B (SE) | OR (95% CI) | B (SE) | |
Baseline opioid use (misuse=1) | 1.266 (0.960, 1.573) | 0.24 (.12) | 1.384 (1.127, 1.641) | 0.33 (.09)** |
Baseline drug use (use = 1) | 1.234 (1.046, 1.421) | 0.21 (.08)** | 1.202 (1.040, 1.365) | 0.18 (0.07)** |
Baseline cannabis use (use=1) | 1.289 (1.112, 1.467) | 0.25 (.07)** | 1.194 (1.030, 1.359) | 0.18 (0.07)* |
Baseline pain scores | 0.985 (0.902, 1.068) | -0.02 (.04) | 1.044 (0.960, 1.128) | 0.04 (.04) |
Baseline percent drinking/heavy drinking days | 0.997 (0.995, 1.000) | -0.003 (.001) | 0.997 (0.994, 1.000) | -0.003 (.002) |
Alcohol dependence severity (ADS) | 0.989 (0.980, 0.997) | -0.01 (.004)* | 1.005 (0.994, 1.015) | 0.01 (.006) |
Motivation to change (URICA) | 0.938 (0.898, 0.979) | -0.06 (.02)* | 0.944 (0.896, 0.991) | -0.06 (.03)* |
Temptation (AASE-Withdrawal temptation) | 1.025 (0.944, 1.106) | 0.03 (.04) | 1.021 (0.945, 1.098) | 0.02 (.04) |
Self-efficacy (AASE-Confidence) | 0.910 (0.836, 0.984) | -0.09 (.04)* | 0.883 (0.797, 0.971) | -0.12 (.05)* |
Psychiatric distress (BSI GSI) | 1.006 (0.999, 1.014) | 0.006 (.004) | 1.001 (0.991, 1.010) | 0.001 (.005) |
Therapy (Combined behavioral intervention=1) | 0.967 (0.876, 1.058) | -0.03 (.05) | 0.991 (0.854, 1.128) | -0.009 (.07) |
Medication (Naltrexone=1) | 0.948 (0.860, 1.035) | -0.05 (.05) | 0.906 (0.826, 0.987) | -0.10 (.05)* |
Gender (Male=1) | 0.753 (0.662, 0.845) | -0.28 (.06)** | 0.826 (0.728, 0.923) | -0.19 (.06)** |
Cigarettes per day | 1.003 (0.999, 1.008) | 0.003 (.02) | 1.007 (1.002, 1.012) | 0.01 (0.003)* |
Note.
p<0.05;
p<0.01; OR (95% CI)=odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval); B=unstandardized regression coefficient (SE=Standard Error); ADS=Alcohol Dependence Scale; URICA=University of Rhode Island Change Assessment, AASE=Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale; BSI GSI=Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index.