Table 3. Results from Cox Regression Models with Covariates.

	Time-to-first drinking day		Time-to-first heavy drinking day
	OR (95% CI)	B (SE)	OR (95% CI)	B (SE)
Baseline opioid use (misuse=1)	1.266 (0.960, 1.573)	0.24 (.12)	1.384 (1.127, 1.641)	0.33 (.09)**
Baseline drug use (use = 1)	1.234 (1.046, 1.421)	0.21 (.08)**	1.202 (1.040, 1.365)	0.18 (0.07)**
Baseline cannabis use (use=1)	1.289 (1.112, 1.467)	0.25 (.07)**	1.194 (1.030, 1.359)	0.18 (0.07)*
Baseline pain scores	0.985 (0.902, 1.068)	-0.02 (.04)	1.044 (0.960, 1.128)	0.04 (.04)
Baseline percent drinking/heavy drinking days	0.997 (0.995, 1.000)	-0.003 (.001)	0.997 (0.994, 1.000)	-0.003 (.002)
Alcohol dependence severity (ADS)	0.989 (0.980, 0.997)	-0.01 (.004)*	1.005 (0.994, 1.015)	0.01 (.006)
Motivation to change (URICA)	0.938 (0.898, 0.979)	-0.06 (.02)*	0.944 (0.896, 0.991)	-0.06 (.03)*
Temptation (AASE-Withdrawal temptation)	1.025 (0.944, 1.106)	0.03 (.04)	1.021 (0.945, 1.098)	0.02 (.04)
Self-efficacy (AASE-Confidence)	0.910 (0.836, 0.984)	-0.09 (.04)*	0.883 (0.797, 0.971)	-0.12 (.05)*
Psychiatric distress (BSI GSI)	1.006 (0.999, 1.014)	0.006 (.004)	1.001 (0.991, 1.010)	0.001 (.005)
Therapy (Combined behavioral intervention=1)	0.967 (0.876, 1.058)	-0.03 (.05)	0.991 (0.854, 1.128)	-0.009 (.07)
Medication (Naltrexone=1)	0.948 (0.860, 1.035)	-0.05 (.05)	0.906 (0.826, 0.987)	-0.10 (.05)*
Gender (Male=1)	0.753 (0.662, 0.845)	-0.28 (.06)**	0.826 (0.728, 0.923)	-0.19 (.06)**
Cigarettes per day	1.003 (0.999, 1.008)	0.003 (.02)	1.007 (1.002, 1.012)	0.01 (0.003)*

Note.

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01; OR (95% CI)=odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval); B=unstandardized regression coefficient (SE=Standard Error); ADS=Alcohol Dependence Scale; URICA=University of Rhode Island Change Assessment, AASE=Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale; BSI GSI=Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index.