Table 3. Distribution of older people with unmet needs for activities of daily living according to sociodemographic covariates.
| Variable | Unmet needs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| BADL | IADL | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total (%) | Yes (%) | Total (%) | Yes (%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 37.1 | 16.4 | 33.2 | 7.6a |
| Female | 62.9 | 19.0 | 66.8 | 5.6 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 60–69 | 27.7 | 29.3c | 27.2 | 8.6b |
| 70–79 | 29.4 | 21.6 | 35.6 | 6.7 |
| ≥ 80 | 42.9 | 8.3 | 37.1 | 3.8 |
| Schooling (years) | ||||
| 0–3 | 60.0 | 17.7 | 62.5 | 6.4 |
| 4–7 | 23.7 | 21.3 | 23.5 | 5.8 |
| 8–11 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 11.4 | 7.1 |
| ≥ 12 | 3.5 | 17.2 | 2.6 | 4.3 |
| Wealth | ||||
| 1st quintile (poorest) | 19.5 | 24.5c | 20.0 | 7.2b |
| 2nd quintile | 19.9 | 24.6 | 20.7 | 8.1 |
| 3rd quintile | 20.6 | 20.8 | 20.2 | 7.2 |
| 4th quintile | 18.9 | 7.4 | 19.0 | 4.2 |
| 5th quintile | 21.2 | 6.9 | 20.2 | 2.3 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 53.9 | 14.7b | 50.4 | 5.2a |
| Nonwhite | 46.1 | 21.9 | 49.6 | 7.3 |
| Living arrangements | ||||
| No marital relationship/doesn’t live alone | 44.9 | 8.9c | 44.8 | 4.1c |
| No marital relationship/lives alone | 15.1 | 53.2 | 15.6 | 14.4 |
| Marital relationship/doesn’t live alone | 40.0 | 15.0 | 39.6 | 5.3 |
| Number of BADL | ||||
| 1–2 | 36.6 | 27.5c | ||
| 3–4 | 20.3 | 21.3 | ||
| 5–6 | 43.1 | 8.5 | ||
| Number of IADL | ||||
| 1 | 26.9 | 6.6 | ||
| 2 | 26.8 | 6.8 | ||
| 3–4 | 46.3 | 5.6 | ||
BADL: basic activities of daily life; IADL: instrumental activities of daily life
a p < 0.05
b p < 0.01
c p < 0.001