Table 2.
Sexual orientation differences in modifiable risk factors and cardiovascualr disease in women
| OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Frequent mental distress | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 2.30 (1.67, 3.17)* | 2.05 (1.45, 2.88)a* |
|
| ||
| Current tobacco use | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 2.91 (2.20, 3.86)* | 2.11 (1.53, 2.91)b* |
|
| ||
| Binge drinking | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 2.33 (1.67, 3.25)* | 1.66 (1.17, 2.34)b* |
|
| ||
| Meets physical activity recommendations | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 1.10 (0.76, 1.60) | 1.04 (0.69, 1.56)b |
|
| ||
| Adequate fat intake | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.94 (0.64, 1.36) | 0.92 (0.62, 1.34)b |
|
| ||
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 1.08 (0.74, 1.57) | 1.24 (0.84, 1.85)c |
|
| ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 1.46 (1.04, 2.05)* | 1.61 (1.12, 2.33)c* |
|
| ||
| Hypertension self-report | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.73 (0.49, 1.08) | 0.76 (0.49, 1.18)d |
|
| ||
| Hypertension (SBP >140 and/or DBP >90) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.79 (0.38, 1.62) | 1.12 (0.52, 2.41)d |
|
| ||
| Pre-hypertension (SBP 120–129 and/or DBP 80–89) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.83 (0.62, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.39)d |
|
| ||
| Diabetes self-report | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 1.25 (0.68, 2.28) | 1.82 (0.89, 3.72)d |
|
| ||
| Diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.64 (0.28, 1.50) | 0.90 (0.35, 2.31)d |
|
| ||
| Pre-diabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 1.13 (0.74, 1.74) | 1.56 (1.04, 2.34)d* |
|
| ||
| High total cholesterol self-report | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.67 (0.45, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.47, 1.28)d |
|
| ||
| High total cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.79 (0.48, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.61, 1.78)d |
|
| ||
| Borderline high total cholesterol (200–239 mg/dL) | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.77 (0.56, 1.05) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.25)d |
|
| ||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref | Ref |
| Sexual minority | 0.84 (0.38, 1.85) | 0.69 (0.29, 1.66)e |
Note. N= 7503; referene group = heterosexual women; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; BMI = body mass index; SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin.
Adjusted for age, race, education, relationship status, and income;
Adjusted for age, race, education, relationship status, income, and frequent mental distress.
Adjusted for age, race, education, relationship status, income, insurance, CVD family history, frequent mental distress, current tobacco use, binge drinking, physical activity, and fat intake;
Adjusted for age, race, education, relationship status, income, insurance, frequent mental distress, insurance, CVD family history, current tobacco use, binge drinking, physical activity, fat intake, and body mass index;
Adjusted for age, race, education, relationship status, income, insurance, frequent mental distress, insurance, CVD family history, current tobacco use, binge drinking, physical activity, fat intake, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
p <0.05.