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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2018 Apr 24;199:49–56.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.002

Table 2.

Mean (SD) Parenting Scores at Child Age 14 Months and 24 Monthsa

14 Months 24 Months
VIP
(n=110)		 BB
(n=105)		 C
(n=109)		 ESb
BB vs. C		 ESb
VIP vs. C		 VIP
(n=161)		 BB
(n=62)		 C
(n=151)		 ESb
BB vs. C		 ESb
VIP vs. C
READ 8.03
2.68)		 7.32
(2.71)		 7.16
(2.56)		 0.09 .39** 8.44
(2.68)		 8.12
(2.45)		 7.82
(2.71)		 0.15 .27*
PIDA 3.32
(1.54)		 3.00
(1.31)		 2.67
(1.45)		 .27* .49*** 3.51
(1.36)		 3.39
(1.35)		 3.39
(1.32)		 0.06 0.11
PVR 8.61
(3.26)		 7.84
(2.78)		 7.30
(3.07)		 .24t .48*** 8.77
(3.30)		 7.47
(2.71)		 7.81
(2.89)		 0.02 .36**
ALM 4.27
(1.78)		 3.74
(1.68)		 3.80
(1.78)		 0.08 .22t 5.23
(1.69)		 5.37
(1.30)		 5.19
(1.57)		 0.18 0.06
StimQ
Total		 24.20
(7.09)		 21.91
(6.35		 20.95
(6.43)		 .22t .54*** 25.94
(7.28)		 24.33
(5.93)		 24.21
(6.45)		 0.11 .30**
*

p<.05,

**

p<.01,

***

p<.001,

t

≤.10

a

Analyses adjusted for child age, gender, and maternal literacy/education

b

Effect size based on Cohen’s d