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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2018 Apr 24;199:49–56.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.002

Table 3.

Mean (SD) Parenting Scores at Child Age 36 months and 54 monthsa,b

36 Months 54 Months
VIP
(n=153)		 C
(n=149)		 ESc
VIP vs. C		 VIP
(n=123)		 C
(n=130)		 ESc
VIP vs. C
READ 8.73 (3.11) 8.09 (3.33) .23* 10.43 (4.2) 10.00 (4.30) .35**
PIDA 6.22 (2.64) 6.39 (2.50) 0.03 9.75 (2.72) 9.06 (2.99) .23t
PVR 5.68 (2.30) 5.15 (2.21) .27* 9.20 (3.63) 8.10 (3.77) .36**
ALM 6.13 (2.28) 5.91 (2.30) 0.13 5.99 (1.50) 5.47 (1.69) 0.10
StimQ Total 27.76 (8.21) 25.55 (8.09) .19t 35.33 (8.82) 32.63 (10.22) .38**
*

p<.05,

**

p<.01,

***

p<.001,

t

≤.10

a

BB not included in table due to lack of data beyond 24 months

b

Analyses adjusted for child age, gender, maternal literacy/education, and assignment to VIP 3–5

c

Effect Size based on Cohen’s d