. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2018 Apr 24;199:49–56.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.002

Table 5.

VIP Impacts on Observed Parenting at 54 Months

	VIP (n = 119)	C (n = 111)	p^†	ES
Mother # Utterances	148.61 (58.13)	132.58 (57.45)	0.04	0.29
Mother # Word Types	161.05 (53.96)	147.41 (49.57)	0.03	0.30
Mother # Word Tokens	534.97 (217.86)	476.4 (209.81)	0.03	0.30

^†

p_-value based on multiple adjusted regression adjusting for child age, child gender, maternal literacy/education