Table 4.
Developmental capacity of CS, PESA, and TESE embryos cultured to blastocyst was compared
| Patient group | Control (CS) | PESA | TESE-OA | TESE-NOA | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Embryos cultured to blastocyst | 186 | 145 | 49 | 108 | |
| Compaction failure (%) | 3.8 (7/186) | 9.0 (13/145) | 4.1 (2/49) | 35.2abc (38/108) | < 0.001abc |
| Morula/CP (%) | 96.2 (179/186) | 91.0 (132/145) | 95.9 (47/49) | 64.8abc (70/108) | < 0.001abc |
| Blastocyst (%) | 77.1 (138/179) | 73.5 (97/132) | 70.2 (33/47) | 60.0ab (42/70) | < 0.05a, 0.049b |
| Expansion (%) | 65.9 (118/179) | 62.9 (83/132) | 57.4 (27/47) | 42.9abc (30/70) | < 0.001a, < 0.05bc |
TESE embryos were further subdivided according to etiology of the azoospermia: OA (obstructive) and NOA (non-obstructive). P value < 0.05 considered to be statistically significant aTESE-NOA vs CS bTESE-NOA vs PESA cTESE-NOA vs TESE-OA