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. 2018 Jul 27;8:11338. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29815-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Caloric restriction influences inflammatory and metabolic gene expression changes along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The relative mRNA levels of representative inflammatory (A) and metabolic (B) genes were measured in six tissues along the GI tract. Two-tailed Student’s t-tests were used to assess statistical significance; n = 8–10, *p < 0.05. Gene expression changes were also assayed in the duodenum epithelium of mice receiving rapamycin (Rapm) in their drinking water (C). One-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test were used to compare the experimental groups; n = 7–9. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. St-stomach, D-duodenum, J-jejunum, I-ileum, PC proximal colon, DC distal colon.