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. 2018 Jul 27;8:11373. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29473-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Old monkeys had significant deleterious health effects when challenged with 8 weeks of a Western diet. We observed that old monkeys significantly increase plasma glucose (Panel A), cholesterol (Panel B), and liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT; Panel C) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; Panel D) whereas young monkeys were able to maintain homeostasis under the same dietary challenge conditions. Old monkeys maintained on a chow diet showed no changes over time. Old monkeys are shown with black bars, young monkeys are shown in white, and the post-diet challenge value indicated for each group by checkerboard. Results are from monkeys described in Study 2 (n = 6/group).