Table 2.
Outcome measure scores at every timepoint and differences between groups
| VR treatment group (n=49) | Control group (n=51) | Adjusted group difference (95% CI)* | Effect size (Cohen's d) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIQ total | |||||
| 0 weeks | 52·5 (12·7) | 54·2 (11·6) | .. | .. | .. |
| 2 weeks | 28·1 (10·2) | 53·0 (11·8) | −24·0 (−27·7 to −20·3) | 2·0 | <0·0001 |
| 4 weeks | 27·5 (11·1) | 52·6 (12·8) | −24·3 (−27·9 to −20·6) | 2·0 | <0·0001 |
| AQ total | |||||
| 0 weeks | 71·9 (26·6) | 70·3 (22·6) | .. | .. | .. |
| 2 weeks | 29·1 (19·8) | 73·9 (23·6) | −45·2 (−52·1 to −38·2) | 1·8 | <0·0001 |
| 4 weeks | 25·1 (19·3) | 69·9 (22·1) | −45·1 (−52·1 to −38·2) | 1·8 | <0·0001 |
| AQ anxiety subscale | |||||
| 0 weeks | 59·0 (20·8) | 58·0 (18·8) | .. | .. | .. |
| 2 weeks | 24·0 (16·3) | 61·1 (19·5) | −37·3 (−43·0 to −31·6) | 1·9 | <0·0001 |
| 4 weeks | 20·4 (15·7) | 57·3 (18·1) | −37·2 (−42·9 to −31·5) | 1·9 | <0·0001 |
| AQ avoidance subscale | |||||
| 0 weeks | 12·9 (6·6) | 12·3 (5·1) | .. | .. | .. |
| 2 weeks | 5·1 (4·2) | 12·9 (5·5) | −8·0 (−9·6 to −6·4) | 1·4 | <0·0001 |
| 4 weeks | 4·7 (4·4) | 12·6 (5·7) | −8·0 (−9·6 to −6·4) | 1·4 | <0·0001 |
| IAPT phobia scale | |||||
| 0 weeks | 4·6 (1·9) | 4·5 (2·0) | .. | .. | .. |
| 2 weeks | 2·1 (1·6) | 4·5 (1·6) | −2·3 (−2·9 to −1·8) | 1·2 | <0·0001 |
| 4 weeks | 1·7 (1·5) | 4·6 (1·7) | −2·9 (−3·4 to −2·3) | 1·5 | <0·0001 |
Data are mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated. AQ=acrophobia questionnaire. HIQ=Heights Interpretation Questionnaire. IAPT=Improving Access to Psychological Therapies. VR=virtual reality.
*
Adjusted for treatment group, assessment timepoint, baseline score for the outcome scale, and the interaction between treatment group and assessment timepoint (HIQ, AQ, and IAPT); further adjustment was made for baseline HIQ score (AQ and IAPT). The difference was assessed by linear mixed effects models.