Table 2.
Analysis of covariance comparing intervention (N=31) and control (N=37) group at posttest.
| Outcome | Control, mean (SD) | Intervention, mean SD | Mean differenceb (95% CI) | F test (df) | Cohen d | ||||
| Crudea | Adjustedb | Crude | Adjusted |
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| Primary outcomes |
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Self-efficacy (CSESc) |
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Care management | 31.38 (8.71) | 31.65 (1.05) | 37.03 (6.33) | 36.73 (1.12) | –5.07 (–8.23 to –1.92) | 10.37d (1,60) | 0.85 |
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Service use | 21.88 (6.33) | 22.48 (0.83) | 27.43 (5.11) | 26.76 (0.89) | –4.27 (–6.80 to –1.75) | 11.47d (1,60) | 0.93 |
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Depression (CES-De) | 13.27 (9.21) | 12.87 (1.08) | 10.73 (8.20) | 11.17 (1.14) | 1.70 (–1.51 to 4.91) | 1.13 (1,60) | 0.28 | |
| Secondary outcomes |
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Mastery (PMSf) | 21.15 (4.49) | 21.32 (0.63) | 24.87 (4.09) | 24.68 (0.67) | –3.36 (–5.26 to –1.47) | 12.66 (1,60)d | 0.94 | |
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Stress (PSSg) | 13.76 (6.84) | 12.92 (0.69) | 10.03 (6.35) | 10.99 (0.74) | 1.94 (–0.17 to 4.04) | 3.40 (1,60) | 0.50 | |
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Anxiety (HADS-Ah) | 5.94 (4.59) | 5.91 (0.61) | 6.70 (4.65) | 6.73 (0.63) | –0.81 (–2.63 to 1.00) | 0.80 (1,60) | 0.24 | |
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Quality of life (ICECAP-Oi) | 0.76 (0.15) | 0.76 (0.02) | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.83 (0.02) | –0.06 (–0.12 to –0.01) | 4.83 (1,60)j | 0.58 | |
aGroup means.
bAdjusted for outcome measure at baseline, age, sex, education, quality of the relationship at baseline, neurotic personality traits, and coach background.
cCSES: Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale.
dP<.01
eCES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.
fPMS: Pearlin Mastery Scale.
gPSS: Perceived Stress Scale.
hHADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety.
iICECAP-O: Investigating Choice Experiments for the Preferences of Older People.
jP<.05