Table 4.
Factors associated with patients’, health system’s and total delay for treatment of TB patients, Dessie city and surroundings, bivariate and multivariate analysis, 2016
| Characteristics | Patient delay > 30 days | Health System delay > 6 days | Total delay > 36 days | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COR (95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | COR (95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | COR (95% CI) | AOR(95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.2(0.8–1.8) | _ | 0.6(0.42–0.98)• | _ | 1.1(0.7–1.6) | _ |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Rural | 1.7(1.1–2.7)• | 1.58(0.95–2.62) | 1.3(0.8–2.0) | _ | 1.5(0.9–2.3)* | _ |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 26–44 | 1.4(0.8–2.3) | 1.7(0.93–3.06) | 0.8(0.5–1.3) | _ | 1.1(0.7–1.8) | _ |
| 45–54 | 1.3(0.6–2.6) | 1.4(0.62–3.25) | 0.7(0.3–1.4) | _ | 0.7(0.4–1.5) | _ |
| ≥ 55 | 2.5(1.3–4.6)• | 2.7(1.27–5.83)• | 0.7(0.3–1.3) | _ | 1.84(0.99–3.45)* | _ |
| Education | ||||||
| Illiterate | 1.5(0.8–3.2) | _ | 0.5(0.2–1.0)* | 0.42(0.20–0.92)• | 1.5(0.7–3.1) | _ |
| Grade 1–8 | 1.1(0.6–2.3) | _ | 0.5(0.2–0.9)• | 0.38(0.18–0.81)• | 1.3(0.7–2.6) | _ |
| Grade 9–12 | 0.8(0.4–1.7) | _ | 0.6(0.3–1.2)* | 0.59(0.27–1.31) | 0.9(0.4–1.8) | _ |
| College &above | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Occupation | ||||||
| farming | 1.3(0.8–2.4) | _ | 1.1(0.62–1.97) | _ | 1.75(0.99–3.08)* | _ |
| business | 0.7(0.3–1.3) | _ | 0.5(0.21–0.96)• | _ | 0.8(0.3–1.5) | _ |
| student | 0.6(0.3–1.3) | 1.4(0.7–2.8) | _ | 0.98(0.49–1.97) | _ | |
| unemployed | 0.7(0.4–1.4) | _ | 0.9(0.4–1.7) | _ | 0.9(0.5–1.7) | _ |
| employed | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Marital status | ||||||
| married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| never married | 0.8(0.5–1.2) | 1.3(0.7–2.2) | 1.0(0.7–1.6) | _ | 0.7(0.5–1.1)* | _ |
| widow/divorce | 0.3(0.1–0.7)• | 0.3(0.1–0.8)• | 0.5(0.2–1.2)* | _ | 0.4(0.2–0.8)• | _ |
| Family size | ||||||
| 1 to 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| > 3 | 1.6(1.1–2.4)• | 1.6(1.02–2.5)• | 1.3(0.8–1.9) | _ | 1.9(1.3–2.9)• | 1.7(1.1–2.8)• |
| Self-treatment | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 2.8(1.6–5.0)• | 3.0(1.3–5.6)• | 1.0(0.6–1.9) | _ | 2.97(1.62–5.47)• | 2.03(1.001–4)† |
| Use nonprescribed drugs | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 1.9(0.95–3.92)* | _ | 0.8(0.4–1.6) | _ | 1.7(0.8–3.4)* | _ |
| One way walking time | ||||||
| ≤ 30 min | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| > 30 min | 1.7(1.1–2.6)• | _ | 1.6(1.1–2.5)• | _ | 2.2(1.5--3.4)• | 1.5(0.92–2.52) |
| TB category | ||||||
| SPPTB | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| SNPTB | 1.8(1.01–3.06)• | 2.3(1.25–4.21)• | 0.99(0.6–1.7) | _ | 1.4(0.8–2.4) | 2.1(1.08–4.08)• |
| EPTB | 1.98(1.2–3.4)• | 2.3(1.28–4.07)• | 1.1(0.6–1.9) | _ | 2.3(1.3–3.8)• | 3.2(1.62–6.19)• |
| Previous exposure to TB patient | ||||||
| Yes | 1.8(0.9–3.5)* | _ | 1.5(0.8–2.9) | _ | 1.7(0.9–3.3)* | _ |
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| HIV sero-status | ||||||
| positive | 0.8(0.45–1.27) | _ | 0.7(0.39–1.16) | _ | 0.8(0.50–1.36) | _ |
| negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Initially visited health facilities | ||||||
| Government | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Private | 1.4(0.82–2.25) | _ | 0.6(0.33–0.91)• | 0.5(0.26–0.99)• | ||
| Type of lab diagnosis | ||||||
| Microscopy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Chest X-ray | 0.3(0.2–0.6)• | 0.32(0.16–0.68)• | 1.2(0.6–2.3) | 1.18(0.5–2.8) | ||
| Microscopy & chest X-ray | 0.8(0.4–1.4) | 0.56(0.29–1.06) | 2.95(1.57–5.53)• | 2.5(1.17–5.36)• | ||
| Gene-Xpert | 1.5(0.7–3.5) | 1.21(0.49–2.93) | 5.69(2.27–14.28)• | 4.4(1.5–13.5)• | ||
| Initially visited HCP | ||||||
| Internist | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| General practitioners | 2.2(1.3–3.7)• | 2.57(1.4–4.6)• | 5.6(3.2–9.9)• | 4.4(2.2–8.6)• | ||
| Nurse/health officer | 1.6(0.90–2.9)* | 1.58(0.84–2.95) | 4.3(2.4–7.8)• | 3.2(1.5–6.6)• | ||
| Health care contacts | ||||||
| Single | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Multiple | 2.1(1.3–3.2)• | 2.12(1.30–3.46)• | 1.9(1.3–2.9)• | 2.4(1.4–4.1)• | ||
•p < 0.05; *p ≤ 0.2; †p = 0.050
HCP health care providers, SPPTB smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis, SNPTB smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis, EPTB extrapulmonary tuberculosis