Table 2.
Overview of patient cohort studies investigating host and immune factors linked with bnAb development
| Reference | Number of subjectsa | Investigated host and immune factors | Association with breadth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boliar et al. [90] | 41 | Total plasma IgG | Positive |
| B cell expression of: | |||
| PD-1 | None | ||
| BTLA | None | ||
| Ki67 | None | ||
| CD95 | None | ||
| Cohen et al. [78] | 15 | CXCR5 + CD4 + T cells | Positive |
| CXCR5 + PD-1 + CD4 + T cells | Positive | ||
| CXCR5 + PD-1 + ICOS + CD4 + T cells | Positive | ||
| Plasma CXCL13 | Positive | ||
| Plasma IL21 | None | ||
| Plasma BAFF | None | ||
| Other cytokines and chemokines | None | ||
| CD3−CD19+ CD27− naïve B cells | None | ||
| CD3− CD19+ CD27+ memory B cells | None | ||
| Env-specific CD3− CD19+ CD27+ gp120+ memory B cells | None | ||
| CXCR5 expression on B cells | None | ||
| Expression of activation-associated genes | Positive | ||
| Expression of IFN-stimulated genes IFI27 and ISG15 | Positive | ||
| Expression of CXCL13 and RGS13 | Positive | ||
| Doria-Rose et al. [51] | 148 | Total CD19+B cells | None |
| CD19+IgG+ B cells | None | ||
| CD19+ CD27+ memory B cells | None | ||
| CD19+ CD20− CD27+++ CD38+++ plasmablasts | None | ||
| Env-specific CD19+ gp140+ B cells | None | ||
| Doria-Rose et al. [11] | 103 | Ethnicity | None |
| Gender | None | ||
| Age | None | ||
| HLA genotype | None | ||
| Dugast et al. [53] | 163 | Plasma CXCL13 | Positive |
| Plasma sCD40L | Positive | ||
| Plasma RANTES | Positive | ||
| Plasma TNF-α | Positive | ||
| Plasma IP-10 | Positive | ||
| Other cytokines and chemokines | None | ||
| Havenar-Daughton et al. [81] | 228 | Plasma CXCL13 | Positive |
| Kadelka et al. [54] | 4281 | IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 binding to trimeric Env | Positive |
| IgG1 binding to Env-gp120 | Positive | ||
| IgG2 binding to Env-gp120 | Positive | ||
| IgG3 binding to MPER | Positive | ||
| IgG3 binding to p17 and p24 | Positive | ||
| Landais et al. [14] | 439 | Gender | None |
| Age | None | ||
| Geographical origin | None | ||
| Total plasma IgG | Positive | ||
| Env-specific IgG binding titer | Positive | ||
| Env-specific IgG binding avidity | None | ||
| HLA genotype | Positive (HLA-A*03) | ||
| KIR genotype | None | ||
| Locci et al. [79] | 328 | CXCR5+CD4+ T cells | None |
| ICOS+PD-1+++ CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells | None | ||
| PD-1 + CXCR3 − CXCR5 + CD4 + memory Tfh cells | Positive | ||
| CXCR3− CXCR5+CD4+ T cells | None | ||
| PD-1+CXCR3+ memory Tfh cells | None | ||
| Mabuka et al. [83] | 22 | Plasma CXCL13 | Positive |
| Plasma BAFF | None | ||
| CD19+CD21−CD27+ activated memory B cells | None | ||
| CD19+CD21−CD27− tissue-like memory B cells | None | ||
| CD19+CD21+CD27+ resting memory B cells | None | ||
| CD19+CD27+CD38+++ plasmablasts | None | ||
| Mikkell et al. [32] | 38 | CD4+ and CD8 + T cell expression of: | |
| Ki67 | None | ||
| CD57 | None | ||
| CD38 | Positive (CD4+ T cells) | ||
| PD-1 | Positive (CD4+ T cells) | ||
| HLADR | None | ||
| Moody et al. [75] | 239 | HLA genotype | None |
| Plasma autoantibodies | Positive | ||
| PD1 + CXCR3 − CXCR5 + CD4 + resting memory Tfh cells | Positive | ||
| CD25 + Foxp3 + CD4 + Treg cells | Negative | ||
| CD25+Foxp3+CXCR5+CD4+ follicular Treg cells | None | ||
| PD-1 expression on CD25 + Foxp3 + CD4 + Treg cells | Positive | ||
| PD-1 expression on CD25 + Foxp3 + CXCR5 + CD4 + follicular Treg cells | Positive | ||
| HLA-DR expression on CD4 + Treg cells | Positive | ||
| CTLA-4 expression on CD4 + Treg cells | Positive | ||
| LAG-3 expression on CD4 + Treg cells | Positive | ||
| Genome-wide mutations | None | ||
| Ranasinghe et al. [77] | 67 | Gag-specific CD4 + responses | Positive |
| Gp41- specific CD4 + responses | Positive | ||
| Gp120-specific CD4+ responses | None | ||
| Richardson et al. [82] | 23 | ADCC | None |
| ADCP | None | ||
| ADCD | Positive | ||
| ADCT | Positive | ||
| Fc polyfunctionality | Positive | ||
| FcR binding | Positive | ||
| C1q binding | Positive | ||
| IgG subclass diversity | Positive | ||
| IgG2 binding to trimeric Env, gp120, V3 | Positive | ||
| IgG2 binding to p24 | Positive | ||
| IgG4 binding to trimeric Env, gp41, V2 | Positive | ||
| Plasma CXCL13 | Positive | ||
| AID expression in B cells | Positive | ||
| Rusert et al. [12] | 4484 | Ethnicity | Positive (blacks compared to whites) |
| Gender | Weakly positive (modestly higher breadth in men) | ||
| Sather et al. [49] | 39 | Env-specific IgG binding titer | None |
| Env-specific IgG binding avidity | Positive | ||
| CD8+ T cell levels | None |
aIndicates total number of subjects included. Specific analyses may have been carried out on subsets of these numbers