Table 1. Methodological and sample characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Sample size | Mean age | Mean years of education | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Condition | Paradigm | Stimuli | Older (F) | Younger (F) | Older | Younger | Older | Younger |
| Baena et al. (2010) | Human faces | EIT | VHF | 39 | 39 | 69.9 | 23.7 | ||
| Campbell et al. (2015) | Directed gaze/YF | EIT | FACC | 32(15) | 32(15) | 71.0 | 20.4 | ||
| Carvalho et al. (2014) | EIT | FACC | 17(12) | 12(6) | 73.6 | 34.5 | 7.43 | 8.34 | |
| Chaby et al. (2015) | EIT | FACC | 31(17) | 31(16) | 67.2 | 25.8 | 13.6 | 14.2 | |
| Circelli, Clark & Cronin-Golomb (2013)/ Study 1 | EIT | GFAC | 16(9) | 16(11) | 68.9 | 19.2 | 16.4 | 13.9 | |
| Ebner, He & Johnson (2011) | YF | EIT | FACC | 51(24) | 52(27) | 73.6 | 26.0 | ||
| Ebner, Johnson & Fischer (2012) | YF | EIT | FACC | 30(17) | 30(16) | 68.2 | 25.1 | 14.5 | 14.8 |
| García-Rodríguez et al. (2009a) and García-Rodríguez et al. (2009b) | EIT | FACC | 16(8) | 16(8) | 73.2 | 28.0 | 8.00 | 15.7 | |
| Halberstadt et al. (2011) | Faces | EIT | GFAC | 61(36) | 60(34) | 70.5 | 20.5 | ||
| Hunter, Phillips & Macpherson (2010)/ Study 1 | EIT | VHF | 25(10) | 25(16) | 67.0 | 22.6 | 15.4 | 15.1 | |
| Krendl & Ambady (2010)/ Study 1 | DANVA2 | FACC | 42(29) | 36(21) | 75.8 | 19.8 | |||
| Krendl, Ambady & Rule (2014) | DANVA2M | FACC | 30(21) | 32(26) | 70.7 | 23.1 | 16.7 | 16.2 | |
| Lambrecht, Kreifelts & Wildgruber (2012) | Visual stimulus | EIT | VFAC | 17(8) | 16(8) | ||||
| Murphy & Isaacowitz (2010) | DANVA2 | FACC | 23(15) | 41(22) | 72.0 | 19.3 | |||
| Ngo & Isaacowitz (2015)/Study 1 | Neutral context | EIT | FACC | 30(19) | 31(19) | ||||
| Noh & Isaacowitz (2013) | Neutral context | EIT | GFAC | 47(39) | 37(23) | 18.1 | 15.7 | ||
| Orgeta (2010) | EIT | GFAC | 40(27) | 40(27) | 69.7 | 22.4 | 14.0 | 14.5 | |
| Sarabia-Cobo et al. (2015) | EIP | EIT | VHF | 37(21) | 50(26) | 72.3 | 28.5 | 8.30 | 16.9 |
| Silver & Bilker (2015) | Visual stimulus | EIT | FACC | 39(0) | 37(0) | 72.8 | 33.5 | 15.8 | 11.0 |
| Sullivan et al. (2015) | EIT | FACC | 58(30) | 60(30) | 70 | 20 | |||
| Suzuki & Akiyama (2013) | EIT | GFAC | 36(18) | 36(18) | 69.4 | 21.4 | 14.2 | 14.4 | |
| Svärd, Wiens & Fischer (2012) | URT | GFAC | 20(10) | 19(10) | 73.7 | 26.4 | 14.2 | 14.4 | |
| Williams et al. (2009) | EEI | FACC | 276(140) | 176(111) | |||||
| Ziaei et al. (2016) | Direct gaze | EIT | GFAC | 20(10) | 20(10) | 69.8 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 14.3 |
Notes.
Condition
- YF
- young faces
- EIP
- emotional intensity pronounced
Paradigm
- EIT
- emotion identification task
- DANVA2
- DANVA2 adults face task
- DANVA2 M
- DANVA2 modified task
- URT
- unmasked recognition task
- EEI
- explicit emotion identification
Stimuli
- VHF
- virtual human faces
- FACC
- colour photos of human faces
- GFAC
- grey scale photos of human faces
- VFAC
- video sequences of human faces
Sample size
- F
- number of females