Table 1.
Patient characteristics at study entry
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 1041) |
|---|---|
| Male gender; n (%) | 435 (41.8%) |
| Age; mean (SD) | 61.80 ± 9.31 years |
| BMI; mean (SD) | 29.7 ± 4.7 kg/m2 |
| BMI in males (n = 435); mean (SD) | 28.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2 |
| BMI in females (n = 606); mean (SD) | 30.5 ± 4.9 kg/m2 |
| Obesity*; n (%) | 446 (42.9%) |
| Overweight**; n (%) | 462 (44.4%) |
| Central obesity***; n (%) | 837 (80.4%) |
| Diabetes duration; mean (SD) | 11.4 ± 6.0 years |
| Family history of diabetes; n (%) | 617 (59.3%) |
| Arterial hypertension; n (%) | 752 (72.2%) |
| Dyslipidemia; n (%) | 508 (48.8%) |
| Diabetes complications present in > 10% of patients | |
| Diabetic neuropathy; n (%) | 432 (41.5%) |
| Diabetic retinopathy; n (%) | 368 (35.4%) |
| Angina pectoris; n (%) | 140 (13.4%) |
| Macroangiopathy | 131 (12.6%) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 115 (11.0%) |
BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation
* Defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
** Defined as BMI ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2
*** Defined according to ethnicity-specific values for waist circumference listed in the 2006 International Diabetes Federation Consensus (≥ 80 cm for females and ≥ 94 cm for males) [17]