Table 1.
Characteristics of students and communities in the Healthy Communities Study (N=5,106)
| Child level characteristics | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Body mass index (BMI)a | 20.01 (5.41) |
| Body mass index z-score (BMIz)a | 0.68 (1.20) |
| Age, years | 9.28 (2.65) |
|
| |
| n (%)g | |
|
| |
| Overweight/obesea,b | 2,065 (40.44) |
| Female | 2,598 (50.90) |
| Race/ethnicityc | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 2,279 (44.63) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1,512 (29.61) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 920 (18.02) |
| Non-Hispanic multi-racial | 190 (3.72) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 287 (5.62) |
| Receives free or reduced priced-lunch | 3,460 (69.31) |
|
| |
| Family annual income | |
|
| |
| Less than $20,000 | 1,371 (26.85) |
| $20,000 – 35,000 | 1,251 (24.50) |
| $35,000 – 50,000 | 641 (12.55) |
| $50,000 – 75,000 | 559 (10.95) |
| $75,000 – 100,000 | 394 (7.72) |
| Greater than $100,000 | 890 (17.43) |
|
| |
| Maximum parental education from both biological mother/fatherd | |
|
| |
| Less than high school | 1,155 (22.62) |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 1,031 (20.19) |
| Some college or associate degree | 1,272 (24.91) |
| Bachelor degree | 782 (15.32) |
| Graduate degree | 866 (16.97) |
|
| |
| Maximum current employment status of biological mother/fathere | |
|
| |
| Working full-time for pay | 3,726 (72.97) |
| Working part-time for pay | 514 (10.07) |
| Unemployed | 313 (6.13) |
| Other | 553 (10.83) |
|
| |
| Dietary intake | Mean (SD) |
|
| |
| Fruits/vegetables/legumes (cup/day) | 2.49 (0.93) |
| Whole grains (oz/day) | 0.71 (0.44) |
| Dairy (cups/day) | 2.50 (0.76) |
| Dietary fiber (g/day) | 15.49 (3.91) |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 1,108.39 (253.96) |
| Total added sugar (tsp/day) | 19.03 (7.86) |
| Sugar from sugar-sweetened beverages (tsp/day) | 6.99 (4.77) |
| Energy-dense foods of minimal nutritional value (times/day) | 1.95 (1.84) |
|
| |
| Eating school breakfast | |
|
| |
| 0 day | 2,154 (42.19) |
| 1 day | 273 (5.35) |
| 2 days | 279 (5.46) |
| 3 days | 380 (7.44) |
| 4 days | 229 (4.48) |
| 5 days | 1,791 (35.08) |
| Eating school lunch | |
| 0 day | 808 (15.82) |
| 1 day | 343 (6.72) |
| 2 days | 293 (5.74) |
| 3 days | 372 (7.29) |
| 4 days | 309 (6.05) |
| 5 days | 2,981 (58.38) |
|
| |
| Community level characteristics | Participants living in communities with various characteristics, n (%)g |
|
| |
| U.S. region | |
|
| |
| Midwest | 977 (19.13) |
| Northeast | 788 (15.43) |
| South | 2,130 (41.72) |
| West | 1,211 (23.72) |
|
| |
| Minority classificationf | |
|
| |
| Black | 1,053 (20.62) |
| Hispanic | 2,026 (39.68) |
| Otherc | 2,027 (39.70) |
|
| |
| Urbanicity | |
|
| |
| Rural | 1,160 (22.72) |
| Suburban | 2,022 (39.60) |
| Urban | 1,924 (37.68) |
|
| |
| Catchment areah | Mean % (SD) |
|
| |
| Percent of population aged 5 to 14 that is Black | 19.70 (23.40) |
| Percent of population aged 5 to 14 that is Hispanic | 34.58 (29.57) |
| Unemployment rate for population in labor force 16 years and over | 20.62 (10.62) |
| Percent of population living below the federal poverty level | 8.74 (3.41) |
Mean BMI and waist circumference are calculated by excluding observations with measurement issues.
Overweight/obese includes 85th percentile or greater.
Race and origin: Other includes American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Asian.
Maximum for biological parents; graduate includes masters, professional, doctorate degree.
Maximum for biological parent employment: unemployed includes only temporarily laid off, on sick leave or maternity leave, looking for work, unemployed; other includes disabled, keeping house, retired, student, other.
Minority tracts defined as having at least 30% of the community population being African American or Hispanic
Percents may not add up to 100% because of rounding.
Community catchment area represents the approximate catchment area of the high school.