Table 1. Indications for ESD of SCC according to Japanese Esophageal Society Guidelines.

Absolute indications

T1a SCC involving the epithelium or lamina propria

<2/3 of esophageal circumference

Relative indications

SCC involving the muscularis mucosae or <200 ìm submucosa invasion

<3/4 of esophageal circumference

ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.