Table 2.
Effects of MAD on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and the Apnea‐Hypopnea Index in the Whole Sample
| Variable | MAD (n=42) | Sham (n=43) | Crude Difference: Adjusted Difference Mean (95% CI)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4 mo | Baseline | 4 mo | Sham‐MAD | Adjusted Sham‐MAD* | |
| Nighttime | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 110.0 (9.6) | 108.6 (8.9) | 111.2 (12.2) | 112.5 (11.6) | 4.0 (−0.5 to 8.4) | 3.1 (−0.4 to 6.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 68.4 (7.1) | 68.1 (7.4) | 69.4 (8.5) | 71.1 (7.7) | 3.0 (−0.2 to 6.3) | 2.2 (−0.2 to 4.5) |
| Heart rate, bpm | 62.6 (7.4) | 62.0 (8.2) | 61.8 (9.5) | 61.5 (9.7) | −0.5 (−4.3 to 3.4) | 0.1 (−2.4 to 2.5) |
| Apnea‐hypopnea index | 15.0 (9.5) | 6.6 (5.0)† | 14.8 (9.3) | 16.8 (9.9) | 10.2 (6.8 to 13.6)† | 9.4 (6.5 to 12.3)† |
| Daytime | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 126.9 (9.9) | 125.6 (8.8) | 129.2 (11.4) | 128.3 (11.4) | 2.7 (−1.7 to 7.1) | 1.8 (−1.6 to 5.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 82.2 (8.6) | 81.3 (7.6) | 83.3 (8.3) | 83.6 (8.3) | 2.3 (−1.1 to 5.7) | 1.8 (−0.2 to 3.7) |
| Heart rate, bpm | 73.5 (8.3) | 73.4 (9.3) | 72.5 (9.2) | 73.3 (10.0) | −0.1 (−4.3 to 4.0) | 0.8 (−1.8 to 3.4) |
Data are given as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. BPM indicates beats per minute; CI, confidence interval; MAD, mandibular advancement device.
*Adjusted for baseline value, apnea‐hypopnea index, age, sex, and body mass index.
† P<0.001.