Table 3.
Details of various transformation studies reported in finger millet.
| Name of the genotype | Promoter/ reporter gene used | Promoter/selectable marker | Functional gene used | Methods of transformation | Type of explants used | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR202 | CaMV35S/ActI/UqI/RbcS/Ft GUS | Nil | Nil | Biolistic | Leaf sheath segments | Testing the efficiency of various promoters in GUS expression | Gupta et al., 2001 |
| PR202 | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S nptII | Nil | Agrobacterium-mediated | Embryogenic seed | Establishment of transformation efficiency under different parameters | Sharma et al., 2011 |
| ∗∗ | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S bar | Antifungal protein (PIN) gene of prawn | Biolistic | Shoot apex | Transgenics resistant to leaf blast disease | Latha et al., 2005 |
| GPU45 and CO14 | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S hptII | Nil | Agrobacterium-mediated | Shoot apex | Optimization of transformation using shoot apex | Ceasar and Ignacimuthu, 2011 |
| GPU45 and CO14 | UqI GUS | UqI hptII | Rice chitinase gene | Agrobacterium-mediated | Shoot apex | Transgenics resistant to leaf blast disease | Ignacimuthu and Ceasar, 2012 |
| PR202 | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S hptII | Nil | Biolistic | Green nodular calli | Optimization of biolistic mediated transformation protocol | Jagga-Chugh et al., 2012 |
| Tropikanka and Yaroslav8 | Nil | CaMV35S bar | HvTUB1 and TUAm1 | Biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated | Embryogenic callus | Resistance to herbicides of the dinitroaniline family | Bayer et al., 2014 |
| GPU28 | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S hptII | Bacterial mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase gene | Agrobacterium-mediated | Embryogenic callus | Tolerance to drought and salinity | Hema et al., 2014 |
| GPU28 | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S hptII | PgNHX1, AVP1 | Agrobacterium-mediated | Embryogenic callus | Salinity tolerance | Jayasudha et al., 2014 |
| CO(Ra)-14, PR-202, Try-1 and Paiyur2 | CaMV35S GUS | CaMV35S hptII | Nil | Agrobacterium-mediated | Shoot apex | Optimization of transformation using direct plant regeneration | Satish et al., 2017 |
Name of the marker and reporter genes with promoter, genotype, explant type and method of transformation used are given for each study. Any functional gene used is also indicated. AVP1, Arabidopsis vacuolar pyrophosphatase1; bar, phosphinothricin resistance; CaM35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35s; Ft, promoter of C4 isoform of phosphoenolpyruate carboxylase gene from Flaveriatrinervia; gus or uidA, oxβ-glucuronidase; nos, nopaline synthase; hptII, hygromycin phosphotransferase; HvTUB1, Hordeum vulgare β1-tubulin; nptII, neomycin phosphotransferase; PgNHX1, Pennisetum glaucum Sodium hydrogen exchanger1; UqI, Ubiquitin promoter of maize); RbcS, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene promoter; TUAm1, α 1_tubulin mutant gene. ∗∗PGEC-2, IE-2576, IE-2367, IE-2366, IE-2683, IE-2684, IE-2851, IE-2861, IE-2333, IE-2995, IE-2300, IE-2675, IE-2340, IE-2983, IE-3242, IE-3020, IE-4673, IE-4683, IE-4120.