Fig. 4.

(A) Phase diagram of water (schematics). The green solid line is the liquid spinodal line, the theoretical limit of superheat, while the blue and red dashed lines schematically depict the attainable superheat for gas-poor and -rich water. (B) Measured delay ${\tau }_d$ as function of $P_l$. The symbols represent the experimental data, and the solid lines the fit curves using Eq. 1. (C) Double logarithmic plot of ${\tau }_d$ vs. $P_l-P_{th}$. Both curves fall within the theoretical limits—namely, the boiling temperature (black curve) and the spinodal curve ($T_s$ = 578.2 K for a pressure of 1 atm; green curve). The shorter delay time ${\tau }_d$ for gas-rich water indicates that dissolved gas facilitates bubble nucleation.