Table 3.

Effects of home-based and supervised isometric handgrip training and control on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensives.

Variables	Supervised		Home-based		Control		P
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Arterial stiffness parameters
Pulse pressure (mmHg)	13.9 ± 3.3	11.6 ± 2.6	13.2 ± 2.1	13.2 ± 2.0	13.5 ± 2.2	13.3 ± 1.8	0.620
Augmentation index (%)	26.6 ± 4.0	25.4 ± 4.0	27.2 ± 2.2	27.2 ± 2.7	27.9 ± 3.2	29.1 ± 2.4	0.841
Central PWV (m/s)	8.4 ± 0.4	7.7 ± 0.3	9.8 ± 0.5	8.8 ± 0.3	8.7 ± 0.5	8.8 ± 0.5	0.219
Peripheral PWV (m/s)	8.3 ± 0.3	8.5 ± 0.3	8.9 ± 0.4	8.9 ± 0.5	9.3 ± 0.4	9.4 ± 0.4	0.960
Heart rate variability
SDNN (ms)	39 ± 4	38 ± 4	29 ± 4	31 ± 4	38 ± 6	39 ± 3	0.924
RMSSD (ms)	31 ± 4	32 ± 5	21 ± 4	27 ± 4	33 ± 8	30 ± 4	0.470
pNN50 (%)	12 ± 4	13 ± 5	5 ± 3	9 ± 4	10 ± 4	10 ± 3	0.687
Low frequency (nu)	53 ± 6	57 ± 7	54 ± 5	47 ± 5	52 ± 3	52 ± 3	0.302
High frequency (nu)	47 ± 6	43 ± 7	46 ± 5	53 ± 5	48 ± 3	48 ± 3	0.302
LF/HF	2.00 ± 0.74	2.26 ± 0.54	1.88 ± 0.50	1.16 ± 0.23	1.28 ± 0.21	1.42 ± 0.24	0.215
Vascular function
Resting brachial diameter (cm)	4.01 ± 0.21	4.11 ± 0.22	4.17 ± 0.21	3.97 ± 0.27	3.83 ± 0.20	3.99 ± 0.20	0.122
Resting shear rate (s)	122 ± 10	105 ± 14	111 ± 15	110 ± 10	111 ± 15	96 ± 12	0.694
Oxidative stress and inflammation markers
AOPP (μM)	88 ± 21	22 ± 6∗	71 ± 11	57 ± 25	67 ± 25	11 ± 3∗	0.032
MDA (μM)	1.54 ± 0.22	1.15 ± 0.14	1.52 ± 0.14	1.12 ± 0.13	1.53 ± 0.18	1.20 ± 0.06	0.906
Total Thiols (μM)	264 ± 19	234 ± 32	260 ± 31	326 ± 95	281 ± 13	310 ± 76	0.453
IL-6 (pg/mL)	1.36 ± 0.09	1.42 ± 0.19	1.24 ± 0.15	1.49 ± 0.16	1.36 ± 0.25	1.57 ± 0.15	0.669
IL-10 (pg/mL)	4.6 ± 0.5	4.0 ± 0.6	5.2 ± 0.4	4.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.6	4.4 ± 0.5	0.952
IL-1b (pg/mL)	0.32 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.02	0.37 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.02	0.43 ± 0.04	0.328
CRP (pg/mL)	899 ± 201	977 ± 269	1812 ± 279	1446 ± 485	1126 ± 226	1188 ± 322	0.592
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)	3.2 ± 0.2	4.9 ± 0.7	3.5 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.6	9.6 ± 3.8	6.6 ± 1.1	0.141

^∗Significant difference from pre.