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. 2018 Jul 30;9:2981. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05366-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — CA injection efficiently delivered cancer cells to bone marrow of a hind limb. a Location of caudal artery in a mouse (left) and a schematic of cross section of mouse tail (right). A yellow arrow indicates the caudal artery along the tail. b Comparison of fluorescence images after intra-caudal artery (CA) or tail vein (IV) injection of near-infrared II nanoparticles. c Representative BL images at 30 min after injecting LLC/luc cells through caudal artery (CA) or left ventricle (IC). d BL intensity of LLC/luc cells harvested from bone marrow of hind limbs at 30 min after CA or IC injection. n = 8, *P < 0.05 (two-side student’s t-test). Error bars indicate s.e.m. e Biodistribution of LLC/luc cells after CA or IC injection. Major organs were removed at 30 min after injecting LLC/luc cells and ex vivo BL imaging was performed. BL intensity of each organ was quantitatively analyzed and its relative BL intensity to the one in hind limb is shown. B brain, H heart, Lv liver, S spleen, K kidney, P pancreas, T testis, Lg lung, SI stomach and intestine, V vesicular gland. n = 3, *P < 0.05 (two-side student’s t-test)