Table 4.

Perceived Costs and Benefits of Melanoma Genetic Counseling for the Management of Personal Melanoma Risk and Children’s or Grandchildren’s Melanoma Risk as a Function of Participant Group, Age, Gender, Years of Education, Annual Household Income, and Total Nevi >2 mm

	Perceived costs and benefits for the management of personal melanoma risk
	Carriers (n = 28)	No-test controls (n = 45)	Noncarriers (n = 41)	F group (2,104)	Partial η2	F age (1,104)	Partial η2	F gender (1,104)	Partial η2	F education (1,104)	Partial η2	F income (1,104)	Partial η2	F nevi total (1,104)		Partial η2
Feeling informed and prepared to manage melanoma risk	4.29a	3.78b	4.26a	3.54*	.064	2.72	.025	2.11	.020	4.37*	.040	4.30*	.040	0.00		.000
Motivation to reduce sun exposure	4.15a	3.55b	3.62b	4.06*	.072	10.85***	.094	3.42+	.032	6.91**	. 062	0.84	.008	1.27		.012
Motivation to perform screening	3.98a	3.49a	3.61a	2.17	.040	12.71***	.109	4.49*	.041	0.81	.008	1.14	.011	1.81		.017
Negative emotions about melanoma risk	1.78a	1.54a	1.07b	10.26***	.165	2.31	.022	4.26*	.039	0.00	.000	1.40	.013	0.57		.005
Positive emotions about melanoma risk	2.38a	2.89a	3.93b	22.14***	.299	0.50	.005	0.72	.007	0.67	.006	0.23	.002	4.62*		.043
Worry about being in the sun	3.23a	2.75a	2.18b	8.50***	.140	8.67**	.077	5.64*	.051	1.68	.016	0.00	.000	0.54		.005
	Perceived costs and benefits for management of children’s/grandchildren’s melanoma risk
	Carriers (n = 17)	No-test controls (n = 27)	Noncarriers (n = 31)	F group (2,65)	Partial η2	F age (1,65)	Partial η2	F gender (1,65)	Partial η2	F education (1,65)	Partial η2	F income (1,65)	Partial η2	F nevi total (1,65)	Partial η2
Feeling informed and prepared to manage children’s melanoma risk	4.04a,b	3.74a	4.35b	2.27	.065	0.25	.004	2.60	.038	5.32*	.076	0.09	.001	1.14	.017
Motivation to protect children from sun exposure	3.96a	3.49a	3.85a	1.08	.032	1.15	.017	6.54*	.091	0.49	.007	0.54	.008	0.91	.014
Motivation to screen children	3.72a	3.09a	3.35a	1.15	.034	0.00	.000	4.61*	.066	0.40	.006	1.90	.028	0.05	.001
Negative emotions about children’s risk	3.21a	2.05b	1.43c	24.77***	.432	1.38	.021	7.22**	.100	0.07	.001	0.65	.010	0.68	.010
Positive emotions about children’s risk	2.21a	2.75a	4.41b	33.36***	.507	0.09	.001	1.00	.015	0.81	.012	0.99	.015	0.29	.004
Parental reports that children are worried about being in the sun	2.34a	2.08a	2.18a	0.27	.008	10.39***	.138	5.51*	.078	0.59	.009	0.59	.009	0.15	.002

Values tabled are the average of reported costs and benefits at 1 month and 1 year (1 = not at all true, 5 = very much true). All means, F-values and effect sizes reflect the inclusion of propensity scores, age at study entry, gender, years of education, annual household income, number of first-degree relatives (FDR) with melanoma, and total number of nevi >2 mm as covariates in the model. Adjusted means that do not share a superscript are significantly different, p < .05. Significant covariate effects for age, gender, education, and income indicate that older or more educated respondents, those with higher income, and women reported greater informational and/or motivational benefits, while those with more nevi reported fewer emotional benefits. Neither propensity scores nor number of FDR with melanoma were a significant predictor of any reported cost or benefit.

⁺ p < .10, *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.