Table 5.
Rate and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the primary composite outcome, small for gestational age birthweight (SGA) and preterm birth among the offspring of women with chronic hypertension, according to type of antihypertensive therapy received during pregnancy
| Preterm birth | ||||||||
| Primary composite outcome* | SGA | Before 32 weeks | Before 37 weeks | |||||
| Type of antihypertensive therapy | Rate (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)# | Rate (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Rate (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Rate (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| None | 12.9 | 1.0 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 12.2 | 1.0 |
| β-blocker | 26.1 | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 18.8 | 2.3 (1.1–4.5) | 10.4 | 4.0 (1.3–12.4) | 39.6 | 4.0 (2.3–6.9) |
| Non-β-blocker | 48.8 | 4.9 (1.7–14.2) | 14.5 | 1.3 (0.5–3.4) | 12.0 | 2.0 (0.5–7.4) | 48.2 | 4.2 (2.2–8.1) |
| Both β-blocker and non-β-blocker | 53.7 | 2.9 (1.1–7.7) | 26.6 | 2.9 (1.3–6.3) | 26.6 | 5.3 (1.7–16.3) | 80.7 | 18.9 (9.6–37.3) |
*Defined as a composite of either hyaline membrane disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular hemorrhage, assisted ventilation > 1 day, or perinatal death after 20 weeks gestation and up to 30 days after birth. #All odds ratios were adjusted for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, history of delivery before 34 weeks, history of hypertension in a previous pregnancy, cigarette smoking, pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy renal dysfunction, development of proteinuria, use of prednisone, receipt of betamethasone for fetal lung maturity (which is excluded for the analysis of SGA and preterm delivery), and the presence of ≥ 2+ proteinuria or 300 mg of urinary protein per 24-hour specimen.