Identification of cGAMP in BmNPV-infected cells.
A and B, relative abundance of cGAMP in BmNPV-infected cells at different times. Fractions of cell extracts from BmNPV-infected cells were analyzed for the presence of cGAMP by selective reaction monitoring of the expected ions (n = 5). C and D, the levels of BmCecA and BmCecB mRNA were increased in BmE cells after cGAMP stimulation. BmE cells were transfected with cGAMP (3 μg/ml) for 9 h, followed by qRT-PCR analysis (n = 3). E, relative levels of BmCecA and BmCecB mRNA in the fat body of larvae injected with X-treme/cGAMP complexes and X-treme. The relative mRNA levels in the treated fat body of larvae were increased compared with the mRNA levels in untreated larvae (n = 6). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Error bars, S.D.