Table 3.
Adjusted association between a -higher past exposure and SD-unit brain volumes in 2011–2013 in the ARIC-NCS study.
Outcome and site | 1990–1998 | 1999–2007 | 1990–2007 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta (95% CI) | p-Value | /p-Value for heterogeneity | Beta (95% CI) | p-Value | /p-Value for heterogeneity | Beta (95% CI) | p-Value | /p-Value for heterogeneity | ||
Total brain | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 419 | (, ) | 0.02 | — | (, ) | — | (, ) | — | ||
MD | 443 | 0.01 (, 0.05) | 0.58 | — | 0 (, 0.02) | 0.84 | — | 0 (, 0.03) | 0.96 | — |
NC | 446 | 0.03 (, 0.11) | 0.47 | — | (, 0.05) | 0.54 | — | 0 (, 0.08) | 0.93 | — |
MS | 441 | 0.07 (, 0.23) | 0.38 | — | 0.04 (, 0.16) | 0.52 | — | 0.07 (, 0.22) | 0.39 | — |
Combined | — | 0 (, 0.05) | 0.87 | 58.1/0.07 | (, 0.02) | 0.31 | 72.9/0.01 | (, 0.04) | 0.5 | 75.8/0.01 |
Frontal lobe | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 417 | (, 0) | 0.04 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.08 | — | (, 0) | 0.04 | — |
MD | 442 | (, 0.04) | 0.76 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.27 | — | (, 0.02) | 0.36 | — |
NC | 446 | 0.02 (, 0.13) | 0.69 | — | (, 0.06) | 0.75 | — | 0 (, 0.11) | 1 | — |
MS | 440 | 0.07 (, 0.23) | 0.36 | — | (, 0.11) | 0.72 | — | 0.02 (, 0.18) | 0.81 | — |
Combined | — | (, 0.04) | 0.63 | 35.8/0.20 | (, 0) | 0.08 | 0/0.66 | (, 0.01) | 0.13 | 0/0.41 |
Occipital lobe | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 417 | (, 0.03) | 0.13 | — | (, 0) | 0.06 | — | (, 0) | 0.05 | — |
MD | 442 | 0 (, 0.06) | 0.97 | — | 0 (, 0.02) | 0.82 | — | 0 (, 0.04) | 0.91 | — |
NC | 446 | 0.01 (, 0.14) | 0.92 | — | (, 0.03) | 0.17 | — | (, 0.08) | 0.43 | — |
MS | 440 | 0.23 (, 0.47) | 0.07 | — | 0.15 (, 0.31) | 0.06 | — | 0.23 (0.02, 0.45) | 0.04 | — |
Combined | — | 0 (, 0.08) | 1 | 46.5/0.13 | (, 0.04) | 0.59 | 63.5/0.04 | (, 0.08) | 0.79 | 64.0/0.04 |
Parietal lobe | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 417 | (, ) | 0.04 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.08 | — | (, 0) | 0.05 | — |
MD | 442 | 0.01 (, 0.06) | 0.65 | — | 0 (, 0.02) | 0.83 | — | 0 (, 0.04) | 0.99 | — |
NC | 446 | 0.01 (, 0.1) | 0.82 | — | (, 0.03) | 0.34 | — | (, 0.07) | 0.63 | — |
MS | 440 | 0.09 (, 0.29) | 0.36 | — | 0.05 (, 0.19) | 0.54 | — | 0.08 (, 0.27) | 0.39 | — |
Combined | — | (, 0.05) | 0.77 | 44.4/0.15 | (, 0.01) | 0.33 | 15.3/0.15 | (, 0.03) | 0.48 | 34.4/0.21 |
Temporal Lobe | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 417 | (, 0.01) | 0.08 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.09 | — | (, 0) | 0.05 | — |
MD | 442 | (, 0.04) | 0.59 | — | 0 (, 0.02) | 0.82 | — | (, 0.03) | 0.75 | — |
NC | 446 | 0.03 (, 0.13) | 0.54 | — | 0 (, 0.08) | 0.91 | — | 0.02 (, 0.13) | 0.71 | — |
MS | 440 | 0.24 (0.03, 0.45) | 0.02 | — | 0.11 (, 0.26) | 0.14 | — | 0.21 (0.01, 0.41) | 0.04 | — |
Combined | — | 0.01 (, 0.09) | 0.85 | 65.5/0.03 | (, 0.03) | 0.68 | 35.7/0.20 | 0 (, 0.07) | 0.99 | 62.5/0.05 |
Deep gray | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 417 | (, 0.04) | 0.19 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.07 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.07 | — |
MD | 442 | (, 0.02) | 0.15 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.29 | — | (, 0.01) | 0.18 | — |
NC | 446 | (, 0.1) | 0.55 | — | (, 0.05) | 0.35 | — | (, 0.07) | 0.38 | — |
MS | 440 | 0.11 (, 0.32) | 0.3 | — | 0.04 (, 0.21) | 0.61 | — | 0.09 (, 0.29) | 0.39 | — |
Combined | — | (, 0.01) | 0.1 | 0/0.48 | (, 0) | 0.09 | 0/0.46 | (, 0) | 0.07 | 1.5/0.38 |
Hippocampus | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 416 | (, 0.12) | 0.87 | — | (, 0.02) | 0.15 | — | (, 0.05) | 0.28 | — |
MD | 442 | (, 0.05) | 0.53 | — | 0 (, 0.04) | 0.83 | — | 0 (, 0.05) | 1 | — |
NC | 443 | 0.07 (, 0.2) | 0.27 | — | (, 0.1) | 0.6 | — | 0 (, 0.16) | 0.99 | — |
MS | 437 | 0.07 (, 0.45) | 0.74 | — | 0.12 (, 0.41) | 0.39 | — | 0.13 (, 0.51) | 0.5 | — |
Combined | — | 0 (, 0.06) | 0.99 | 0/0.63 | (, 0.02) | 0.64 | 0/0.40 | (, 0.04) | 0.71 | 0/0.68 |
AD signature | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
MN | 417 | (, 0.02) | 0.11 | — | (, 0.04) | 0.39 | — | (, 0.03) | 0.2 | — |
MD | 442 | 0.01 (, 0.06) | 0.8 | — | (, 0.02) | 0.7 | — | 0 (, 0.03) | 0.86 | — |
NC | 446 | 0.01 (, 0.11) | 0.85 | — | (, 0.05) | 0.57 | — | (, 0.09) | 0.8 | — |
MS | 440 | 0.2 (, 0.42) | 0.07 | — | 0.12 (, 0.27) | 0.12 | — | 0.2 (, 0.4) | 0.06 | — |
Combined | — | 0 (, 0.07) | 0.97 | 48.8/0.12 | (, 0.02) | 0.63 | 9.2/0.35 | 0 (, 0.05) | 0.86 | 41.0/0.17 |
Note: Adjusted for age, gender, race, education and estimated intracranial volume. —, no data; ARIC-NCS, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study; CI, confidence interval; MD, Maryland; MN, Minnesota; MS, Mississippi; NC, North Carolina; PM, particulate matter.