Physical properties of SDIO–DO3A nanoparticles. (a) TEM image shows iron oxide cores of SDIO–DO3A-10 nanoparticles, with average size of 5.9 nm. Scale bar: 50 nm. (b) Hydrodynamic size distribution of SDIO–DO3A-10 was obtained by dynamic light scattering, with average diameter (volume weighted) of 64.4 ± 17.5 nm (SD) and a single peak at 50.6 nm. (c) T2-weighted MR image of DIO–DO3A and SDIO–DO3A aqueous solutions at 7 T (MSME, TR = 5000 ms, TE = 35 ms). From top to bottom, the rows represent DIO–DO3A, SDIO–DO3A-0.2, SDIO–DO3A-1, SDIO–DO3A-5, and SDIO–DO3A-10 solutions, respectively, at iron concentrations of 67.5, 125, 250, and 500 μM from left to right, including a blank (PBS solution). The T2 values are shown underneath each sample. As expected, a concentration-dependent decrease in signal is observed for all nanoparticles, with similar performance.