Table 7.

Associations between Participant Characteristics and Use of Prescription Medications to Manage Plantar Fasciitis Pain

		Use of Any Prescription Pain Medicine Specifically for Plantar Fasciitis* (N = 270)
		Unadjusted OR		Adjusted OR†
		Point Estimate	95% Wald CI	Point Estimate	95% Wald CI
Who diagnosed plantar fasciitis pain?	Medical specialist‡	2.23	1.06–4.72	2.12	1.01–4.46
	Medical nonspecialist§	Ref		Ref
Covariate
Age	18 to 44	Ref		Ref
	45 to 64	.72	.34–1.56	.75	.34–1.68
	≥65	.28	.08–1.07	.34	.07–1.66
Ethnicity and race	Non-Hispanic white	Ref		Ref
	Non-Hispanic black	2.87	1.11–7.46	3.02	1.05–8.70
	Hispanic, white	1.51	.43–5.30	1.22	.30–4.97
	Other	2.96	1.02–8.57	2.75	.94–8.08
Health insurance	Private	Ref		Ref
	Public	.57	.22–1.45	.57	.19–1.68
	Uninsured	1.25	.46–3.41	1.02	.39–2.66
Highest education	< College education	1.06	.53–2.14	1.07	.50–2.26
	College graduate	Ref		Ref
Region	Northeast	.64	.19–2.21	.69	.19–2.45
	Midwest	.86	.35–2.07	.99	.39–2.50
	West	1.12	.44–2.86	.93	.36–2.40
	South	Ref		Ref
Sex	Male	1.03	.44–2.43	1.04	.43–2.49
	Female	Ref		Ref
Plantar fasciitis pain severity	Less than severe	Ref		Ref
	Severe	2.55	1.23–5.26	2.12	.99–4.51

Abbreviation: Ref, reference

^*Defined as a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis and PF.

^†The multivariable logistic regression model includes all listed variables

^‡Orthopedist, rheumatologist, or pain management specialist

^§Primary care physician or general practitioner or internist, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant, other