Table 1.

Total protein abundance of Akt, AMPK, and AS160 in epitrochlearis muscles. A) For muscles incubated in No Insulin, RM ANOVA indicated a main effect of AICAR* (p<0.05) and an interaction effect^‡ (p<0.05) on Akt and a main effect of serum^† on AMPK and AS160 (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed Akt with prior serum < No AICAR or serum^a (p<0.05) and prior AICAR < No AICAR or serum^b (p<0.01). AMPK with prior serum < No AICAR or serum^a (p<0.01), and AS160 with prior serum < No AICAR or serum^a (p<0.001) and serum+AICAR < AICAR alone^d (p<0.001). For muscles incubated in Insulin, RM ANOVA indicated a main effect of serum^† (p<0.001) on AS160. Post hoc analysis revealed AS160 with prior serum < No AICAR or serum^a (p<0.001). B) Two-way ANOVA indicated a main effect of insulin^§ on total AS160. Post hoc analysis revealed AS160 with Insulin alone > No Insulinⁱ (p<0.05). Data are presented as Mean±SEM (n=10/group).

A	Basal					Insulin
Serum	−	+	−	+		−	+	−	+
AICAR	−	−	+	+	Effects	−	−	+	+	Effects
Akt	1.06±0.06	0.97±0.05a	0.91±0.04b	0.92±0.02	*,‡	0.99±0.03	0.96±0.06	1.01±0.06	1.17±0.06
AMPK	1.12±0.06	0.93±0.05a	1.03±0.05	0.91±0.02	†	1.03±0.05	0.93±0.05	1.08±0.05	0.98±0.06
AS160	1.11±0.12	0.51±0.06a	1.08±0.13	0.59±0.03d	†	1.90±0.41	0.62±0.06a	1.33±0.14	0.85±0.10	†

B	Basal		Insulin
AICAR	−	+	−	+	Effects
Akt	1.06±0.06	0.91±0.04	0.99±0.03	1.01±0.06
AMPK	1.12±0.06	1.03±0.05	1.03±0.05	1.08±0.05
AS160	1.11±0.12	1.08±0.13	1.90±0.41I	1.33±0.14	§