Table 2. Estimation of exposure levels of inhalable, thoracic, and respirable PM and metals.
| PM and metals | Air concentrations of PM and metals, ×10−3 mg/m3 |
Levels of exposure to PM and metals, mean ± SD, ×10−3 mg/m3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhalable PM | Thoracic PM | Respirable PM | |||||
| Total | WS | Total | WS | Total | WS | ||
| PM | 4,450 ± 307.1 | 3,800 ± 262.2 | - | 2,020 ± 139.4 | - | 1,370 ± 87.7 | - |
| Fe | 1,988.5 ± 103.4 | 1,388.0 ± 72.2 | 413.8 ± 15.7 | 419.6 ± 18.5 | 244.6 ± 8.3 | 198.8 ± 16.5 | 137.2 ± 4.9 |
| Al | 378.2 ± 13.6 | 329.4 ± 11.9 | 68.0 ± 3.3 | 280.6 ± 5.3 | 59.4 ± 2.9 | 214.1 ± 10.9 | 44.2 ± 2.2 |
| Zn | 219.6 ± 4.6 | 180.5 ± 3.8 | 147.1 ± 3.1 | 129.3 ± 2.7 | 105.8 ± 2.2 | 93.6 ± 5.1 | 76.0 ± 1.6 |
| Cr | 146.4 ± 2.9 | 125.9 ± 2.5 | 29.1 ± 0.6 | 101.7 ± 2.0 | 22.7 ± 0.5 | 76.0 ± 4.1 | 16.4 ± 0.3 |
| Mn | 134.2 ± 3.0 | 107.1 ± 2.4 | 63.6 ± 1.4 | 65.8 ± 1.4 | 32.9 ± 0.7 | 52.3 ± 3.0 | 24.2 ± 0.5 |
| Ni | 27.7 ± 0.4 | 23.5 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.0 | 18.3 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.0 | 13.6 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.0 |
| Cu | 24.3 ± 0.4 | 21.2 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 17.6 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 13.8 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.1 |
| Pb | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.0 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.0 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.0 |
PM: particulate matter; WS: water-soluble.