Fig. 1. Significant deficiencies in the reward network of heroin abusers and the consequences to the subnetwork patterns in the reward network.

a Two subnetworks of the reward network: reward control subnetwork (yellow) and reward driving subnetwork (blue). Abbreviations for each brain area are shown in Supplementary Table S2. b Among the 276 connections, 131 connections of the reward network had significantly lower connective strength in heroin abusers compared with healthy controls (Diff-connections, p < 0.05/276 after 10,000 permutation test). c t-values for all connections of the reward network. Details of connections with lower connective strength are summarized in Supplementary Table S4. d Compared with controls, heroin abusers presented significant decreases in mean connective strength in the reward control subnetwork, reward driving subnetwork, and connections between these two subnetworks (BTN-connections) and Diff-connections. The data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. e The Diff-connections with t-value > 10 were located on VTA-linked connections