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Isolation of stem cells from the apical papilla showing: (A) Periapical radiographs of the apical papillae related to the apex of a human premolar; (B–D) Extracted premolars with intact apical papillae. (E) Apical papilla separated gently using tweezers; (F) Scalpel dissection of apical papilla tissue in a cell culture dish with culture medium. (G,H) Cultured human SCAP at 4x after primary culture at 8 and 21 days, respectively.
