Table 1.

Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics and cognitive performances.

	Patients	Range	Controls	Range
Sex (M/F)	15/13		16/14
Age (years)	61.28 (± 11.17)	43–81	57.30 (± 9.72)	45–75
Education (years)*	9.68 (± 2.59)	7–17	11.03 (± 2.57)	7–16
Onset (bulbar/limb)	5/23
Disease duration (months since clinical onset)	17.89 (± 6.37)	5–44	\	\
ALSFRS-R score/48	37.57 (± 5.89;	27–48	\	\
Norris score/39	35.10 (± 5.65)	16–39	\	\
MRC score/120	99.78 (± 15.29)	63–120	\	\
MDRS**	136.39 (± 5.34)	127–144	142.40 (± 2.13)	130–144
HSCT correct responses**	5.89 (± 3.02)	0–12	9.00 (± 3.14)	4–14
TMT B–A (s)*	73.25 (± 86.59)	8–371	34.55 (± 30.90)	3–121
Letter verbal fluency scores**	15.11 (± 4.43)	8–25	24.59 (± 5.75)	13–38
Letter verbal fluency index **	6.89 (± 2.27)	5–13	4.35 (± 1.24)	3–8
LN sequencing score **	8.46 (± 3.63)	3–17	10.48 (± 2.06)	8–16
NPI-Q number of symptoms	2.08 (± 1.55)	0–4	\	\
NPI-Q severity of symptoms	3.91 (± 3.22)	0–12	\	\
NPI-Q caregivers distress	5.20 (± 4.25)	0–15	\	\

Values are means (^+/− SD). ALSFRS-R, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised form; MRC, Muscle Strength Scale; MDRS, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; HSCT, Hayling Sentence Completion Test; TMT, Trail Making Test. NPI-R, Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.001. Disease duration was the period between clinical onset and the date of patient inclusion in the study