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After seeding primary HUVEC (3 × 105) on collagen-coated insert, cells were incubated for 48 h. Different concentrations of NADES or DMSO incubated for 24 h at 37°C with primary HUVEC monolayers (A). Cells were incubated with TNF-α 100 ng/ml with or without 10 µM of RES, RES-LA, or SB-3CT (B). Data represent mean ± S.D.; **P≤0.01, ***P≤0.001.
