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. 2018 Jul 31;13(7):e0200499. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200499

Fig 2. 7-Ketocholesterol increases the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Fig 2

(A) HUVECs were pretreated with 50 μM 7-ketocholesterol or cholesterol or ethanol alone for 18 h, followed by stimulation with or without 0.1 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α for an additional 4 h. The levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 protein expression were analyzed by western blotting. Representative blots from three independent experiments are shown. (B) HUVECs were pretreated with 50 μM 7-ketocholesterol or cholesterol or ethanol alone for 18 h, followed by stimulation with or without 0.1 ng/ml TNF-α for an additional 2 h. IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Data are shown as mean ± standard errors of the means. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test.