Table 1. Comparison between participants lost to follow-up and censored by event or end of study (N = 476).
| Characteristic | Total no. (%) | Lost to follow up (%) | Censored by event or end of study (%) | 2-sided p-value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | ||||
| Male | 228 (47.9) | 26 (38.2) | 202 (49.5) | 0.083 |
| Female | 248 (52.1) | 42 (61.8) | 206 (50.5) | |
| Age ≤ 4 years | 174 (36.6) | 32 (47.1) | 142 (34.8) | 0.147 |
| 5–9 years | 188 (39.5) | 22 (32.4) | 166 (40.7) | |
| 10–14 years | 102 (21.4) | 11 (16.2) | 91 (22.3) | |
| 15–18 years | 12 (2.5) | 3 (4.4) | 9 (2.2) | |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
| Income < 1 minimum wage †, ‡ | 133 (28.5) | 18 (26.5) | 115 (28.9) | 0.130 |
| = 1 minimum wage | 169 (36.3) | 19 (27.9) | 150 (37.7) | |
| > 1 minimum wage | 164 (35.2) | 31 (45.6) | 133 (33.4) | |
| Wealth score †, § | ||||
| Low | 197 (43.2) | 33 (48.5) | 164 (42.3) | 0.623 |
| Intermediate | 151 (33.1) | 20 (29.4) | 131 (33.8) | |
| High | 108 (23.7) | 15 (22.1) | 93 (24.0) | |
| Behaviour | ||||
| Walking always/regularly † | ||||
| Barefoot outdoors | 61 (12.9) | 5 (7.5) | 56 (13.8) | 0.154 |
| With sandals/shoes outdoors/ not walking at all (babies) |
431 (87.1) | 62 (92.5) | 351 (86.2) | |
| Walking on sandy ground † | ||||
| Always barefoot | 94 (20.0) | 7 (10.6) | 87 (21.5) | 0.001 |
| Sometimes barefoot | 281 (59.8) | 35 (53.0) | 246 (60.9) | |
| Never barefoot | 95 (20.2) | 24 (36.4) | 71 (17.6) | |
| Practicing soccer † | 172 (36.5) | 19 (27.9) | 153 (38.0) | 0.208 |
| Other sport | 39 (8.3) | 8 (11.8) | 31 (7.7) | |
| No sport | 260 (55.2) | 41 (60.3) | 219 (54.3) | |
| Sport barefoot on sand † | 170 (36.2) | 18 (26.5) | 152 (37.8) | 0.105 |
| Never barefoot/not on sand | 40 (8.5) | 9 (13.2) | 31 (7.7) | |
| No sport | 260 (55.3) | 41 (60.3) | 219 (54.5) | |
| Environment | ||||
| Faeces found on compound † | 65 (14.7) | 5 (7.8) | 60 (15.8) | 0.094 |
| No faeces found | 378 (85.3) | 59 (92.2) | 319 (84.2) | |
| Health | ||||
| Infection at first examination | 64 (13.4) | 6 (8.8) | 58 (14.2) | 0.228 |
| No infection | 412 (86.6) | 62 (91.2) | 350 (85.8) |
*For comparison of „Lost to follow-up”and „Censored by event or end of the study”group.
†Missing observations.
‡Minimum wage in 2009: 465 R$ ≈ 220$.
§For definitions see methods.