Figure 1. .

Depiction of the sheets and connections in the gain control, adaptation, laterally connected (GCAL) class of models used in this study. Sheets include retina, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) On and LGN Off, and V1. Projections include afferent input to each of the LGN sheets and afferent input to V1 from each of the LGN sheets as well as lateral excitatory feedback within V1 (inner yellow circle) and a wider range of lateral inhibitory feedback within V1 (outer yellow circle). Examples of the training stimuli used in each model (i.e., pairs of oriented Gaussians) can be seen in the retinal sheet, with corresponding transformations in the LGN and V1 sheets.