Figure 2.

a) CRISPR-Cas13 targets ssRNA with its crRNA, and the twin HEPN nuclease domains cleaves the sequence non-specifically after the first crRNA guided cleavage at the binding site, leaving blunt ends. b) The dCas9 combines with an activator/repressor domain to activate/repress an upstream gene, resulting in transcription of that gene into RNA or blocked transcription. c) dCas9-LSD1 complex targets the genome at the chromatin to repress transcription of the targeted gene by demethylation. d) CRISPR-dCas9-EGFP as a fluorescent marker complex for imaging.