TABLE 2.
Expert Consensus (≥ 75% Agree) Regarding Strategy Use, Usefulness, and Evidence Base
| Target Symptom | Anxiety Problems | Externalizing Behaviors | Social Skill Deficits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Useful | 32 strategies total | 33 strategies total | 6 strategies total |
| Useful, Common, and Research Supported | Relaxation | FBA | Prompting |
| Cognitive restructuring | Visual tools | Shaping | |
| Visual tools | Differential reinforcement | Behavioral rehearsal/Role-playing | |
| Graduated exposure/Desensitization | Positive reinforcement | Modeling/Imitation | |
| Priming | Prompting | Visual tools | |
| Self-awareness of bodily responses | Priming | Priming | |
| FCT | Prompt fading | ||
| Choice making/Providing choices | |||
| Reinforcement schedules | |||
| Prompt fading | |||
| Shaping | |||
| Token economy | |||
| Extinction | |||
| Useful but Limited Agreement (< 50%) Regarding the Evidence Base | Stories/Vignettes | Self-awareness of body response | FCT |
| Self-management | Stories/Vignettes | Stories/Vignettes | |
| FBA | Exercise/Sensory breaks | Tech-aided instruction | |
| Choice making | Modeling/Imitation | Psychoeducation | |
| Motivating with special interests | Behavior rehearsal/Role-playing | Self-management | |
| FCT | Performance feedback | Lunch bunch | |
| Positive reinforcement | Tech-assisted instruction | Peer monitoring | |
| Prompt fading | Time-out | Communicative temptations | |
| Performance feedback | Games that require nonverbal | ||
| Sensory breaks | Environmental structuring | ||
| Prompting | Task analysis/Chaining | ||
| Environmental structuring | FBA | ||
| Extinction | |||
| Useful but Lack of Agreement (< 25%) Regarding Evidence Base | Didactic teaching | Cognitive restructuring | Cognitive restructuring |
| Acceptance strategies | Didactic teaching | Suppression approach Socratic discussions | |
| Socratic discussions | Peer modeling/Mentoring | ||
| Embedding social interests into social interaction | Choice making/Providing choices | ||
| Noncontingent reinforcement | |||
| Useful but Limited Agreement (< 50%) Regarding Common Use | Noncontingent reinforcement | Peer modeling/Mentoring | Peer modeling/Mentoring |
| Tech-aided Instruction | Tech-aided instruction | ||
| FBA | |||
| Not Useful | Time-out | None | Time-out |
| Response cost |
Note: FBA = functional behavioral assessment ; FCT = functional communication training.